background: recognition of the predisposing factors of bladder cancer is very important and provides possible prevention measures. the aim of this study was to investigate the types, distribution of bladder tumors and their relationship with opium consumption and smoking in patients who referred to shahid beheshti hospital, babol, iran. methods: in this case-control study, all patients diagnose...

Purpose In this single-institution retrospective study, configuration analysis was performed to determine the optimal location and volume of hyaluronic acid gel spacer injection into rectovaginal or vesicovaginal septum for effective dose reduction (DR) organs at risk (OARs), rectum bladder. Methods materials 70 50 intracavitary brachytherapy treatment plans used only vaginal cylinders with spa...

We report an uncommon case of a-48-year-old female presenting with calculi over suture in bladder following prior abdominal hysterectomy. The stone was fragmented and removed via transurethral cystolitholapaxy using pneumatic energy followed by cystoscopic removal of the suture. Bladder stones are rarely found in females (2%) and their occurrence should be evaluated in detail. Foreign bodies in...

Urinary incontinence—loss of voluntary control over the retention and expulsion of urine—is a common medical problem in small animal patients. Incontinence occurs when pressure within the bladder exceeds urethral pressure. Incontinence may result from a variety of etiologies, including congenital anatomic abnormalities of the lower urinary and reproductive systems (ureter, bladder, bladder neck...

Background:Spontaneous bladder rupture is a rare condition, and almost all the reported cases in the world have been preceded by bladder dysfunction, radiotherapy, urinary tract obstruction, pelvic surgery, inflammation, and malignancy. Case report: In this study, we present the case of a 39-year-old woman (G: 4, P: 1, Ab: 2) who was in week 38 of pregnancy and attended our hospital with the on...

Bladder cancer is considered as primarily a disease of the elderly, typically aged in their 70s or 80s and often with associated medical comorbidities. Unfortunately, fewer elderly patients receive radical treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) that their younger counterparts. Over the last decades, several studies have shown that the use of trimodality therapy consisting of transu...

The previous studies revealed that Equisetum arvense contained alkaloids, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, saponins, sterols, ascorbic acid, silicic phenol, tannin, flavonoids, triterpenoids, volatile oils many other biological active constituents. E. has been used as a folklore medicine for treatment of various conditions such tuberculosis, catarrh in the kidney bladder re...

Despite high incidence rates and substantial financial burdens associated with the care of patients with bladder cancer, progress in bladder cancer management has been modest and no new therapeutic agents for bladder cancer have been approved over the past decades. Fortunately, a substantial improvement in our understanding of the biology of this disease has occurred owing to revolutionizing mo...