The cost-effectiveness of unilateral emission abatement can be seriously hampered by emission leakage. We assess three widely-discussed proposals for leakage reduction targeted at energyintensive and trade-exposed industries: border tax adjustments, output-based allocation and industry exemptions. We find that none of these measures amounts to a “magic bullet” when both efficiency and equity cr...

TYPE-2 fuzzy sets (T2 FSs), originally introduced by Zadeh [3], provide additional design degrees of freedom in Mamdani and TSK fuzzy logic systems (FLSs), which can be very useful when such systems are used in situations where lots of uncertainties are present [4]. The implementation of this type-2 FLS involves the operations of fuzzification, inference,and output processing. We focus on ―outp...

In recent years widely tunable terahertz- (THz-) wave generation from LiNbO(3) optical parametric oscillators (OPO's) has been successfully demonstrated by use of the prism output-coupler method. However, there remains a problem of large absorption loss for generated terahertz waves inside the crystal, so we investigated the cryogenic characteristics of the OPO. We achieved 125-times-higher THz...

A shared binary decision diagram (SBDD) represents a multiple-output function, where nodes are shared among outputs. A partitioned SBDD usually consists of two or more SBDDs that often share nodes. The separate SBDDs are optimized independently, often resulting in a reduction in the number of nodes over a single SBDD. We show a method for partitioning a single SBDD into two parts that reduces t...

The cardiorespiratory effects of thrombin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were studied in two groups of dogs. The main changes were a reduction in cardiac output and arterial pressure, an increase in pulmonary artery pressure and, an increase in pulmonary artery pressure and an increase in venous admixture. In one group of dogs the reduction in cardiac output was diminished...

A new output structure for class E power amplifier (PA) is proposed in this paper. A series LC resonator circuit, tuned near the second harmonic of the operating frequency is added to the output circuit. This resonator causes low impedance at the second harmonic. The output circuit is designed to shape the switch voltage of the class E amplifier and lower the voltage stress of the transistor. T...

The effect of afterload reduction was studied in a group of patients who remained breathless or tired after permanent ventricular pacing. Haemodynamic measurements were made before and after giving hydralazine 20 mg intravenously using a triple lumen thermodilution catheter and cuff blood pressure recordings during ventricular pacing at the standard rate of 71/min or an increased rate of 88/min...