Using data from a credit card issuer, a neural network based fraud detection system was trained on a large sample of labelled credit card account transactions and tested on a holdout data set that consisted of all account activity over a subsequent two-month period of time. The neural network was trained on examples of fraud due to lost cards, stolen cards, application fraud, counterfeit fraud,...

the study was designed to analyze credit receipt and enterprise performance by small scale agro based enterprises in the niger delta region of nigeria. a multistage sampling technique was adopted in selecting 264 agro based enterprises and 96 agro based enterprises that accessed informal and formal credit respectively. the heckman model was used to examine the factors affecting amount of inform...

This paper derives a model for the profitability of credit cards, which allow lenders to find the optimal dynamic credit limit policy. The model is a Markov decision process, where the states of the system are based on the borrower’s behavioural score and the decisions are what credit limit to give the borrower each period. In determining the Markov chain which best describes the borrower’s per...

We investigate how the retailer adjusts optimal ordering policy in the presence of cap-and-trade system and trade credit, and the corresponding changes of the retailer’s total costs and carbon footprint. Trade credit is one of the most used short-term financing tools. Our study shows that carbon emissions trading will shorten the ordering cycle for products that emit more carbon dioxide during ...

internal audit is a process affected by an entity ‘s board of directors, management and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives relating to operations, reporting and compliance. this definition reflects certain fundamental concepts. internal control is: • geared to achievement of objectives in one or more categories operations, repor...

We develop a model with money and credit where agents have different productivity to study credit and allocation. We show the link between the credit rationing, productivity and monetary policy, and study the distributional effects of monetary policy on the credit constraints, money holdings, and the ability to trade across agents. An agent’s productivity reflects his ability to replenish the m...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: D42 F21 F22 O17 Keywords: Informal credit Formal credit Moneylender Foreign capital Emigration General equilibrium This paper makes an attempt to provide a theory of determination of interest rate in the informal credit market in a less developed economy in terms of a three-sector static deterministic general equilibrium model. There are two informal se...

The aim of this paper is to detect bank credit cards related frauds. The large amount of data and their similarity lead to a time consuming and low accurate separation of healthy and unhealthy samples behavior, by using traditional classifications. Therefore in this study, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used in order to reach a more efficient and accurate algorithm. By com...

Guaranteed loan is a common way for an enterprise to raise money from banks without any collateral in China. It is welcome for both enterprises and banks when the economy is up. However, the situation becomes tough as long as the economy is down. The financial risk caused by guaranteed loans not only makes the enterprise which takes the loan in trouble but also spreads over the intertwined netw...

Credit and debit cards have spread and skyrocketed all around the world to become the most popular means of payments in many countries. Despite their enormous popularity, cards are not free of risk. Technology development and e-commerce have exponentially increased internal credit card incidents. This paper identifies and quantifies the different types of credit card fraud and puts into questio...