Previous evidence has identified potential racial disparities in access to community water and sewer service in peri-urban areas adjacent to North Carolina municipalities. We performed the first quantitative, multi-county analysis of these disparities. Using publicly available data, we identified areas bordering municipalities and lacking community water and/or sewer service in 75 North Carolin...

BACKGROUND The relation between place of residence and risk of postpartum depression is uncertain. We evaluated the relation between place of residence and risk of postpartum depression in a population-based sample of Canadian women. METHODS Female postpartum respondents to the 2006 Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey (n=6126) were classified as living in rural (<1000 inhabitants or populat...

The urban environment characterized by various stresses poses challenges to trees. In particular, water deficits and high temperatures can cause immense drought stress to urban trees, resulting in reduced growth and die-off. Drought-tolerant species are expected to be resilient to these conditions and are therefore advantageous over other, more susceptible species. However, the drought toleranc...

This study analyses the changes in prevalence of undernutrition between the 1980s and 1990s at the national and sub-national levels in India and focuses on the rural-urban comparisons. The study exploits the demographic information available in household surveys to derive a household-specific norm as the calorie cutoff point to measure undernutrition, instead of the single per capita norm used ...

We present measurements of C1–C8 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at four sites ranging from urban to rural areas in Hong Kong from September 2002 to August 2003. A total of 248 ambient VOC samples were collected. As expected, the urban and sub-urban sites generally gave relatively high VOC levels. In contrast, the average VOC levels were the lowest in the rural area. In general, higher mixing...

BACKGROUND In this study we evaluate differences between rural and urban areas in the causes and incidence of fatal poisonings. METHODS Data from all fatal poisonings that occurred in Northern Finland from 2007 to 2011 were retrieved from Cause of Death Registry death certificates provided by Statistics Finland. The demographics and causes of fatalities were compared between rural and urban a...

Numerous social events that take place in urban areas are good indicator of the local traditions and surroundings. This event based spatial information could be an important asset in characterizing the social environment of associated regions over time. In this work we imply a process to make sense of the geographic areas based on the events crawled from the Web. We provide end users the capabi...

Phase coherence between pairs of ERS SAR images is investigated as a method for mapping urban extent in South Wales, United Kingdom. Separability indices show that image pairs with time delays of greater than 2 months and baseline separations of less than 300 m can discriminate effectively between urban and non-urban land. Classification kappa coefficients greater than 90 percent are achieved, ...

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unplanned urban development imposes significant pressure on land resources and land use structures and brings about many negative socio-economic and environmental consequences. therefore, comprehensive studies should be applied to support urban land use management in the world and especially in developing countries. in iran, like many other developing countries, urban development is fast and of...