Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID- 19), the newly discovered infectious is caused by an infection with a novel virus belonging to family Coronaviridae named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2-infected cells produce substances that can induce injury lung as focus of initiation COVID-19 during incubation period. These bind receptors on target cells. Corticosteroi...

Leishmaniasis is a tropical infectious disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania parasite. The transmitted female sand flies and, depending on infecting parasite species, causes either cutaneous (stigmatizing skin lesions), mucocutaneous (destruction of mucous membranes nose, mouth and throat) or visceral (a potentially fatal infection liver, spleen bone marrow). Although more than 1 million n...

OBJECTIVES To provide a summary of chemotherapy used in the management of malignant brain tumors, including a historical perspective, current standard therapies, and promising new therapies. DATA SOURCES Published articles, research data, and reference books. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy is used to treat several types of brain tumors, including primary central nervous system lymphomas, medullobl...

Nineteen patients with pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Escherichia coli were treated with 4 to 18 g of cephapirin daily. There were three treatment failures. One patient each with pneumonia due to E. coli or S. pneumoniae died despite apparent eradication of the pathogen. Lobar pneumonia due to K. pneumoniae progressed during therapy i...

Infertility in individuals with neurologic disorders is complex in etiology and manifestation. Its management therefore often requires a multimodal approach. This review addresses the implications of spinal cord injury (SCI) and other neurologic disease on fertility, including the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction, ejaculation disorders and compromised semen parameters. Available treatment ...