background: ketamine is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic which produces dissociation anesthesia, analgesia, and amnesia. the mechanism of ketamine-induced synaptic inhibition in high-level cortical areas is still unknown. we aimed to elucidate the effects of different concentrations of ketamine on the glutamatergic synaptic transmission of the neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex b...

In the presence ol electrical currents, the body behaves like an electrochemical system. On the other hand, due to anatomical reasons such as the presence of membranes, it generates potential differences between different parts of the body. Therefore, when one considers the possibility of electrical currents acting upon the body, the end result will be the integration of the intrinsic currents ...

Typically, the rotor speed of electric motors was measured directly by use electromechanical sensors. Even though these devices are very precise, they also fragile and expensive to install. Currently, some alternatives based on estimations from measurement stator currents. Some these, accurate, used in variable drives. In industrial power applications, many large induction (IMs) driven with spe...

Scaling and power reduction trends in future technologies will cause subthreshold leakage currents to become an increasingly large component of total power dissipation. As a result, new techniques are needed in order to provide high performance and low power circuit operation. This dissertation develops new circuit techniques that exploit dual threshold voltages and body biasing in order to red...

Pannexin (Panx) 1 is a widely expressed protein that shares structural, but not amino acid, homology with gap junction proteins, the connexins. Panx1 does not form gap junctions in mammalian cells, but it may function as a plasma membrane hemichannel. Little is known of the pharmacological properties of panx1 expression in mammalian cells. Here, we identify three variants in the human PANX1 gen...

To investigate the electrophysiology mechanisms of new anxiolytic and antidepressant drug: 4-butyl-alpha-agarofuran (AF-5), patch clamp-recording was used to test the effects of AF-5 on voltage-dependent sodium currents, voltage-dependent potassium currents, L-type voltage-dependent calcium currents and GABA dependent Cl(-) currents in primary cultured rat cortical neurons. Effects of AF-5 on K...

Basically neutral currents are absent in a balanced 3-phase system. However, in the presence of harmonics, neutral currents are naturally flowing. These harmonic-rich currents have been known to negatively affect the current carrying capability or ampacity of the neutral conductor. The effect can be due to two factors. One is due to the magnitude of the harmonic neutral current itself and the o...