A root pressure probe has been used to measure the root pressure (P(r)) exerted by excised main roots of young maize plants (Zea Mays L.). Defined gradients of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure could be set up between root xylem and medium to induce radial water flows across the root cylinder in both directions. The hydraulic conductivity of the root (Lp(r)) was evaluated from root pressure rela...

OBJECTIVE It has not been clear that Voluven (6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4) may be administered in pediatric patients safely. The purpose of this study was to determine if Voluven could be used for blood volume expansion and hypovolemia prevention in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS 50 pediatric patients with congenital heart disease were recruited in t...

Controlled porosity osmotic tablet of carvedilol phosphate prepared and evaluated in this study. Carvedilol phosphate is very low soluble drug. So it is difficult to formulate osmotic tablet of carvedilol phosphate which gives drug release up to 24 hr at zero order. To get desired dissolution profile various formulation parameters like osmogen concentration, level of weight gain and level of po...

Measurements of osmotic equilibrium of colloidal solutions, ranging from 170,000 to 20,000 in molecular weight, show that the negative buoyancy of the solute molecules is additive to the osmotic pressure. Seen together with earlier measurements of positive buoyancy of oil suspensions, these data confirm that the osmotic interaction between solute and solvent at equilibrium is purely a force-cou...

Electrophysiological evidence is given that water is the specific stimulus for a fourth sensory cell associated with the taste sensilla of the blowfly. Water elicited impulses from a single cell which responded in two distinct phases: an initial rapid rate of discharge followed by a lesser, sustained steady rate. The latter, in the case of sucrose solutions, was inhibited in direct proportion t...

Theory is presented for the phase stability of mixtures containing nanospheres and non-adsorbing reversible supramolecular polymers. This was made possible by incorporating the depletion thickness and osmotic pressure of reversible supramolecular polymer chains into generalized free-volume theory, recently developed for investigating the phase behaviour of colloidal spheres mixed with interacti...

Microorganisms that adapt to moderate and high salt environments use a variety of solutes, organic and inorganic, to counter external osmotic pressure. The organic solutes can be zwitterionic, noncharged, or anionic (along with an inorganic cation such as K(+)). The range of solutes, their diverse biosynthetic pathways, and physical properties of the solutes that effect molecular stability are ...

The elastic shear modulus of monodisperse emulsions is shown to exhibit a universal dependence on droplet volume fraction f when scaled by the Laplace pressure of the droplets, increasing as fsf 2 fcd, where fc ø 0.635, the value of random close packing of solid spheres. Surprisingly the osmotic pressure required to compress the emulsions to increase f is nearly the same as the shear modulus ov...

1. The rate of exosmosis of water was studied in unfertilized Arbacia eggs, in order to bring out possible differences between the kinetics of exosmosis and endosmosis. 2. Exosmosis, like endosmosis, is found to follow the equation See PDF for Equation, in which a is the total volume of water that will leave the cell before osmotic equilibrium is attained, x is the volume that has already left ...