Environmental salinity presents a key barrier to dispersal for most aquatic organisms, and adaptation to alternate osmotic environments likely enables species diversification. Little is known of the functional basis for derived tolerance to environmental salinity. We integrate comparative physiology and functional genomics to explore the mechanistic underpinnings of evolved variation in osmotic...

The theme of our NIH Nanomedicine Development Center is design of biomimetic nanoconductors and devices utilizing nanoconductors. The model theoretical systems are native and mutant biological channels and other ion transport proteins and synthetic channels, and heterogenous membranes containing channels and transporters. The model experimental systems are engineered protein channels and synthe...

Osmotic stress severely limits plant growth and agricultural productivity. We have used mutagenesis to identify plant genes that are required for osmotic stress tolerance in tomato. As a result, we have isolated a novel mutant in tomato (tos1) caused by a single recessive nuclear mutation that is hypersensitive to general osmotic stress. Growth measurements demonstrated that the tos1 mutant is ...

Ropinirole hydrochloride is indicated in Parkinson’s disease and Restless leg syndrome. In advanced Parkinson’s disease the usual dose of Ropinirole hydrochloride is 0.25 to 5 mg three to four times a day. Hence, an attempt was made to develop a once-a-day controlled release Osmotic drug delivery system. This may offer significant patient benefits by providing enhanced efficacy and reduced side...

This study was conducted to understand how osmotic potentials in Lentinula edodes tissues are related to water contents and how they change while a mushroom matures. Water content and osmotic potential of L. edodes mushroom tissues from log cultivation and sawdust cultivation were measured and the relationships were analyzed. Osmotic potentials in the tissues were exponentially proportional to ...

BACKGROUND Yeast cells live in a highly fluctuating environment with respect to temperature, nutrients, and especially osmolarity. The Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is crucial for the adaption of yeast cells to external osmotic changes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To better understand the osmo-adaption mechanism in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have ...

Oral immunization using whole inactivated influenza virus vaccine promises an efficient vaccination strategy. While oral vaccination was hampered by harsh gastric environment, a systematic understanding about vaccine destabilization mechanisms was not performed. Here, we investigated the separate and combined effects of temperature, retention time, pH, and osmotic stress on the stability of inf...

Methods, lying on different principles for introducing proteins into mammalian cells were compared in the present study. Some of them rely on non-covalent complex formation (Chariot), osmotic lysisis of pinocytic vesicles (Influx pinocytic cell-loading reagent), electric power (electroporation), lipid-based delivery system (Bioporter), microinjection, small protein transduction domains (PTDs) f...

abstract: in this study the reliability of using response surface-neural network method to predict the osmotic dehydration properties of crookneck squash has been investigated. in order to carry out this project, the osmotic solution concentration, the osmotic solution temperature and immersion time were chosen as inputs and solid gain and water loss were selected as outputs of the designed net...