The distinguishing feature of the mammalian outer hair cells (OHCs) is to elongate and shorten at acoustic frequencies, when their intracellular potential is changed. This "electromotility" or "electromechanics" depends critically on positive intracellular pressure (turgor), maintained by the inflow of water through yet uncharacterized water pathways. We measured the water volume flow, J(v), ac...

We have investigated, with osmotic techniques, the light-regulated Na+ channels in rod outer segments (ROS) and ROS fragments freshly isolated from the frog retina. Values of Na+ permeability (PNa) similar to those observed electrophysiologically in the retina were observed using the osmotic technique (continuous flow) described by Korenbrot and Cone. In the other osmotic techniques that we exp...

A dense supercooled colloidal melt in forward shear from a quiescent state shows overshoot in the shear stress at 10% strain with an unchanged fluid structure at equal stress before and after overshoot. In addition, we find an overshoot in the normal stress with a monotonic increase in the osmotic pressure at an identical strain. The first and second normal stresses become comparable in magnitu...

Plant cell vacuoles occupy up to 90% of the cell volume and, beyond their physiological function, are constantly subjected to water and solute exchange. The osmotic flow and vacuole volume dynamics relies on the vacuole membrane -the tonoplast- and its capacity to regulate its permeability to both water and solutes. The osmotic permeability coefficient (Pf ) is the parameter that better charact...

This study aimed to determine the effects of osmotic dehydration on kinetics hot air drying apricot halves under conditions that were similar industrial ones. The process was performed in a sucrose solution at 40 and 60 °C concentrations 50% 65%. As expected increased temperatures resulted water loss, solid gain shrinkage. well described by Peleg model. effective diffusivity 5.50–7.387 × 10−9 m...

Drying is one of the widely used methods of food preservation and it is a sensitive food processing operation due to undesirable changes in the quality of dried product. In this study the effect of osmotic dyhedration and ultrasound pretreatment prior to convective drying on quality properties of apple slices was investigated. Apple slices were pretreated by osmotic dehydration in two concentra...

high temperature, high radiance, low vapor pressure, and lack of precipitation in most months characterize arid ecosystems. under these conditions, tree crops such as pistachio suffer from drought combined with salinity stress. in order to investigation effects of combined salinity and drought stress on function of photosynthetic apparatus, mutica pistachio (pistacia mutica) seedlings were subj...