background: the effect of coping strategies on modification of competitive anxiety and self-confidence is controversial. the purpose of this study was investigation of the role of coping strategies on competitive anxiety and self-confidence in individual and group athletes. methods: 700 group and individual athletes were selected from five counties of kermanshah province, western iran, applying...

the aim of this study was to compare the effects of three types of balancetraining: single task, dual task under fixed priority instructional set (fp) and dualtask under a variable priority instructional set (vp) on the balance of the elderly.the participants were 36 elderly over 65 years old from kerman province whowere randomly divided into three groups (each 12 subjects) based on burg pretes...

Background & Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of disability with cognitive impairments. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation (CR) on cognitive flexibility, response inhibition, and selective attention in patients with MS. Materials and Methods: The current quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest plot and a control group wa...

background and aims. lichen planus is a relatively common chronic mucocutaneaous disease with an unknown cause, and is considered a manifestation of cell-mediated immune response. hepatitis c virus (hcv) and its subgroups have been associated with lichen planus in different geographic locations. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of hcv antibody in patients with lichen ...

there are several conflicting evidences showing the effect of morphine on learning and memory processes. in the present study the effect of chronic morphine administration on passive avoidance, active avoidance and spatial learning and memory of morphine dependent male rats using passive avoidance shuttle box and morris water maze tasks were investigated, respectively. male rats received morphi...

Two experiments were conducted to determine the extent to which perceptual learning transfers between orientation and direction discrimination. Naive observers were trained to discriminate orientation differences between two single-line stimuli, and direction differences between two single-moving-dot stimuli. In the first experiment, observers practiced the orientation and direction tasks along...

Previous research has shown a wide array of age-related declines in vision. The current study examined the effects of perceptual learning (PL), external noise, and task difficulty in fine orientation discrimination with older individuals (mean age 71.73, range 65-91). Thirty-two older subjects participated in seven 1.5-h sessions conducted on separate days over a three-week period. A two-altern...