Shigella strains are in reality clones of Escherichia coli and are believed to have emerged relatively recently (G. M. Pupo, R. Lan, and P. R. Reeves, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:10567-10572, 2000). There are 33 O-antigen forms in these Shigella clones, of which 12 are identical to O antigens of other E. coli strains. We sequenced O-antigen gene clusters from Shigella boydii serotypes 4, 5, 6...

To study the impact of mass Mectizan treatment on Onchocerca volvulus transmission in Mexico, entomological surveys were carried out in the endemic foci of Oaxaca, Southern Chiapas, and Northern Chiapas. Collected flies were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for O. volvulus parasites. The prevalence of infected and infective flies was estimated using the PoolScreen algorithm and with ...

This paper presents parallel algorithms for priority queue operations on a p-processor EREW-PRAM. The algorithms are based on a new data structure, the Min-path Heap (MH), which is obtained as an extension of the traditional binary-heap organization. Using an MH, it is shown that insertion of a new item or deletion of the smallest item from a priority queue of n elements can be performed in O(l...

D e s c r i p t i o n o f t e s t s a n d d i a g n o s t i c s t a n d a r d Before being seen by a physician, patients completed 3 screening questionnaires: the depression module of the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the General Health Questionnaire, and the World Health Organization (WHO) Wellbeing Index (WHO-5). Physicians treating the patients completed an encounter form to re...

The molecular organization at the aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) surfaces was investigated using vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The molecular orientation of surface DMSO and MSA is deduced based on the VSFG spectra of both C-H stretch and S-O stretch regions. The S-O stretch region was studied fo...

Following a successful campaign to end the unlawful practices of trafficking that brought them to Manaus, indigenous Tukanoan women from the Upper Rio Negro established a local indigenous organization with which to plan and manage their own ethno-development, including cultural heritage activities, institution building, revenue development, health and legal services, community, and other initia...