Rising healthcare costs are unlikely to be sustainable in the current healthcare environment. Reducing costs is a major effort of governments and policymakers (1). One component of these costs is the wide range and overwhelming number of diagnostic tests (2). Laboratory testing of hospitalized patients can be redundant when multiple providers order the same or similar tests for the same patient...

most of the researches in the domain of fuzzy number comparisons serve the fuzzy number ordering purpose. for making a comparison between two fuzzy numbers, beyond the determination of their order, it is needed to derive the magnitude of their order. in line with this idea, the concept of inequality is no longer crisp however it becomes fuzzy in the sense of representing partial belonging or de...

This study applies analytic hierarchy process (A­­­HP), 0-1 integer programming and other systematic models, combined with the needs of manufacturers to build a set mathematical models help select suppliers, control raw material ordering costs, transporting costs. As production costs products is linked materials, need choose suitable suppliers develop most economical schemes negligible loss so ...

Shu and Perkins [1] deals with the problem of minimising the expected sum of quadratic buffer costs when a single, failure-prone machine produces multiple part-types. They restrict the set of control policies to the class of prioritised hedging point (PHP) policies and determine simple, analytical expressions for the optimal hedging points, provided that the priority ordering of the part-types ...

There are many evidences that people tend to overweight low-probability events and underweight highprobability events. This risk attitude is generally expressed as an inverse-S shaped weighting function. This paper considers a risk-averse inventory manager who operates a continuous-review inventory system subject to supply disruption risk. Both Zero-Inventory-Order (ZIO) and Non-ZIO policies ar...

We study inventory systems with product recovery. Recovered items are as-good-as-new and satisfy the same demands as new items. The demand rate and return fraction are deterministic. The relevant costs are those for ordering recovery lots, for ordering production lots, for holding recoverable items in stock, and for holding new/recovered items in stock. We derive simple formulae that determine ...

approach that simply requires unique numbers, whether generated by the user or the system (or both, in cooperation).

OMG has published an unreliable multicast specification for distributed applications developed in CORBA (UMIOP). This mechanism can be implemented based on IP Multicast, a best-effort protocol, which provides no guarantees about the message delivery. However, many fault-tolerant or groupware applications demand more restrictive agreement and ordering guarantees (for instance, reliable multicast...