We investigated the effects of single and combined exposures to two ubiquitous environmental carcinogens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and UVA radiation, in Big Blue mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We quantified the cytotoxicity, DNA adduct formation, and induction of mutations in the cII transgene in cells treated with a single agent or combinations of agents in both direct and reverse order....

This work provides stability results in the spatial sup norm for hyperbolic-parabolic loops in one spatial dimension. The results are obtained by an application of the small-gain stability analysis. Two particular cases are selected for the study because they contain challenges typical of more general systems (to which the results are easily generalizable but at the expense of less pedagogical ...

The convergence order of finite elements is related to the polynomial order of the basis functions used on each element, with higher order polynomials yielding better convergence orders. However, two issues can prevent this convergence order from being achieved: the lack of regularity of the PDE solution and the poor approximation of curved boundaries by polygonal meshes. We show studies for La...

The convergence order of finite elements is related to the polynomial order of the basis functions used on each element, with higher order polynomials yielding better convergence orders. However, two issues can prevent this convergence order from being achieved: the poor approximation of curved boundaries by polygonal meshes and lack of regularity of the PDE solution. We show studies for Lagran...

Numerical theory provides the basis for quantification on the accuracy and reliability of a FEM solution by error estimates on the FEM error vs. the mesh spacing of the FEM mesh. This paper presents techniques needed in COMSOL 5.1 to perform computational studies for an elliptic test problem in two and three space dimensions that demonstrate this theory by computing the convergence order of the...

Distributed parameter modeling is required to accurately consider space variations, which are important regarding the performance and durability of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) [1-3]. However, the number of differential and algebraic equations (DAE) obtained from the discretization of a set of partial differential equations (PDE) is very large, and this not only slows down th...

Phophodiesterase (PDE) isoenzyme profiles of human cell preparations and tissues have been analysed by a semiquantitative method using selective PDE inhibitors and activators. Neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes contain PDE IV exclusively. Lymphocytes, alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells contain PDE IV and PDE III, and in addition, PDE I is measured in macrophages and PDE II in endoth...

Fractional derivative or fractional calculus plays a significant role in theoretical modeling of scientific and engineering problems. However, only relatively low order fractional derivatives are used at present. In general, it is not obvious what role a high fractional derivative can play and how to make use of arbitrarily high-order fractional derivatives. This work introduces arbitrarily hig...