Triazolam was evaluated as an oral sedative agent for dental outpatients in two studies in the oral surgery model. The first study demonstrated that 0.25 mg of triazolam in combination with nitrous oxide provides therapeutic effects but with a more rapid recovery than a 0.50 mg dose in combination with nitrous oxide. In the second study, triazolam produced a significant anxiolytic effect that w...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to survey pediatric dentistry advanced education program directors regarding the teaching of behavior management techniques. METHODS Surveys were mailed to all (65) advanced education programs in the United States. Follow-up mailings were sent to nonrespondents. The survey contained items on program demographics and the program's teaching of communicative...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Melatonin (MT), a naturally occurring pituitary hormone has a sleep promoting effect. There are very few studies on pre-operative oral MT (0.2-0.5 mg/kg) in children. We planned a study to assess the efficacy of oral MT in two doses and compare it with oral midazolam and placebo for pre-operative anxiolysis, sedation, maintenance of cognition and psychomotor skills, parental...

There is an increasing population of elderly patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. In dentistry, a critical problem associated with these patients is the use of a new denture, as AD patients often refuse dental management and are disturbed by minor changes in their oral environment. Some AD patients have further complications associated with oral dy...

BACKGROUND Relieving preoperative anxiety is an important concern for the pediatric anesthesiologist. Midazolam has become the most frequently used premedication in children. However, new drugs such as the α(2) -agonists have emerged as alternatives for premedication in pediatric anesthesia. METHODS One hundred and twenty children scheduled for adenotonsillectomy were enrolled in this prospec...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the gastric emptying of an oral supplement containing carbohydrate plus whey protein drunk before sedation for gastroscopy. METHODS This is a randomized double-blind trial including adult patients (ages 18-65) with a chief complaint of epigastric burning and who were candidates to elective gastroscopy. After overnight fast subjects were randomized to drink 200 mL of a...

Gabapentin is being used in horses although its pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, pharmacodynamic (PD) effects and safety in the equine are not fully investigated. Therefore, we characterized PKs and cardiovascular and behavioral effects of gabapentin in horses. Gabapentin (20 mg/kg) was administered i.v. or p.o. to six horses using a randomized crossover design. Plasma gabapentin concentrations we...

Although oral clonidine premedication is known to reduce the hemodynamic response under general anesthesia, effects of the hemodynamic response during sedated fiberoptic nasal intubation have not yet been examined. Our aim was to compare the effects of clonidine premedication on hemodynamic responses with those of atropine and hydroxyzine premedication during sedated fiberoptic nasal intubation...

Could new oral vaccine technologies protect endangered wildlife against a rising tide of infectious disease? We used captive chimpanzees to test oral delivery of a rabies virus (RABV) vectored vaccine against Ebola virus (EBOV), a major threat to wild chimpanzees and gorillas. EBOV GP and RABV GP-specific antibody titers increased exponentially during the trial, with rates of increase for six o...