A mail survey of 1,200 farms across 16 states was conducted to identify the number, type, and size of manure storages per farm, as well as safety-related behaviors or actions related to entry into confined-space manure storage and handling facilities. Respondents provided data on 297 storage units and facilities, with approximately 75% reporting up to three storages per farm operation. Dimensio...

Lameness in pigs is a major welfare concern and one of the most commonly reported reasons to premature culling of breeding sows. The prevalence of lameness in sows was estimated from 113 English pig breeding units and different risk factors associated with the occurrence of lameness were examined, followed by an assessment of the economic costs of lameness in sows. The prevalence of lameness in...

The paper proposes a novel Optimum Frequency AC (OFAC) transmission system for reducing investment and operational cost of Electric System (ES) - integrating Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) to the onshore grid. frequency ES is an inherent characteristic trade-off between its cost. presents comprehensive methodology design based on Life Cost Analysis using Generic Algorithm. For given offshore wind far...

precise application of the n fertilizer rate is critical to achieve maximum yield. in major regions, empirical methods were used for determining n fertilizer requirement. these methods cannot take into account variation in management and environmental conditions on determining fertilizer requirement. crop simulation models can provide an alternative means of determining the optimum crop n requi...

The continuous evolvement of dairy industry in countries like New Zealand, with increased dairy conversions and intensification, has resulted in remarkable economic development, though at the cost of environmental degradation. The increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers to sustain increasing number of cows has increased the risk of enhanced nitrate leaching and methane and nitrous oxide emission...

Known as S. 1643 in the Senate and H.R. 6400 in the House the bill has been characterized a~ a bid to concentrate unprecedented power over the destiny of American agriculture in the hands of the Secretary and the Executive branch of the federal government. It includes power to bring every segment of agriculture under complete government control on a step-by-step basis. While proposed as a plan ...

Prolonged treatment execution time is a concern in CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery. Beam reduction and node reduction technique, and monitor unit optimization methods are adopted to reduce the treatment time. Usage of single collimator in the CyberKnife treatment plan can potentially reduce collimator exchange time. An optimal single collimator, which yields an acceptable dose distribution alon...

Double sampling plan is an examination with a certain parameter, so it cannot decide about manufactured products whose portion parameter ( ) is not certain. The main goal of this survey is to introduce double variable plan when  is indefinite to examine manufacturing products when concerned characteristics are normally distributed. Plan parameters are achieved by an optimization manner. Sum of ...

Examination Facility Evaluation Facilities vary widely on farms, and difficulties with patient restraint, lack of water or electricity, and occasionally access to the patient are some of the many challenges an ambulatory veterinarian is presented with when asked to examine a horse with colic. Upon arrival at a farm, the veterinarian should begin to look critically at the facilities and determin...

Infection control entails preventing or minimizing exposure to infectious agents or optimizing resistance to infection at the individual and population levels should exposure occur. The degree to which each of these strategies is applied varies according to the attributes of the disease agent and the population at risk. In developing an infection control, biosecurity, or biocontainment plan, it...