Studies of neural pathways that contribute to loss and recovery of function following paralyzing spinal cord injury require devices for modulating and recording electrophysiological activity in specific neurons. These devices must be sufficiently flexible to match the low elastic modulus of neural tissue and to withstand repeated strains experienced by the spinal cord during normal movement. We...

Two-wavelength holographic recording in thick phenanthrenequinone-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) photopolymer is demonstrated. By using 325 nm laser as a gating illumination during the holographic recording with 647 nm laser, a volume hologram with diffraction efficiency of ∼4% can be recorded in a 2 mm thick sample. In addition, the Bragg selectivity curve with clear sinc nulls is demonstrate...

R. C. Fairchild* J. R. Fienup Environmental Research Institute of Michigan Radar and Optics Division P.O. Box 8618 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107 Abstract. Holographic optical elements (HOEs) recorded with arbitrary aspheric wavefronts can now be analyzed with a holographic raytracing design program. The recording wavefronts are defined by analytical phase functions, for example, a two -dimensional ...

Neural stimulation with high spatial and temporal precision is desirable both for studying the real-time dynamics of neural networks and for prospective clinical treatment of neurological diseases. Optical stimulation of genetically targeted neurons expressing the light sensitive channel protein Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) has recently been reported as a means for millisecond temporal control of ne...

Semiconductor lasers are commonly used for storage and retrieval of information in optical data recording systems. A measure of the importance of this emerging optoelectronic technology is provided by the compact-disc players that have already penetrated the consumer electronics market. The same technique is now being extended to the mass storage devices capable of storing gigabytes of informat...

Optical recording of membrane potential permits spatially resolved measurement of electrical activity in subcellular regions of single cells, which would be inaccessible to electrodes, and imaging of spatiotemporal patterns of action potential propagation in excitable tissues, such as the brain or heart. However, the available voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) are not always spectrally compatible w...

Maximizing the potential of optogenetic approaches in deep brain structures of intact animals requires optical manipulation of neurons at high spatial and temporal resolutions, while simultaneously recording electrical data from those neurons. Here, we present the first fiber-less optoelectrode with a monolithically integrated optical waveguide mixer that can deliver multicolor light at a commo...

Neural stimulation with high spatial and temporal precision is desirable both for studying the real-time dynamics of neural networks and for prospective clinical treatment of neurological diseases. Optical stimulation of genetically targeted neurons expressing the light sensitive channel protein Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) has recently been reported as a means for millisecond temporal control of ne...

Using the intrinsic signal optical recording technique, we reconstructed the two-dimensional pattern of stimulus-evoked neuronal activities in the auditory cortex of anesthetized and paralyzed cats. The average magnitude of intrinsic signal in response to a pure tone stimulus increased steadily as the sound pressure level increased. A detailed analysis demonstrated that the evoked signals at ea...