The versatile control of graphene's plasmonic modes via an external gate-voltage inspires us to design efficient electro-optical graphene plasmonic logic gates at the midinfrared wavelengths. We show that these devices are superior to the conventional optical logic gates because the former possess cut-off states and interferometric effects. Moreover, the designed six basic logic gates (i.e., NO...

Typesetting of mathematical formulae has conflicting requirements: on the one hand, optical scaling is a need for large symbols; in the other hand, large symbols are made of composite items that are neither easily nor nicely put together. In this paper it is shown that such large symbols should be computed at print time so that they reach the quality of metal typesetting. An implementation of s...

Optical computing has been pursued for decades as a potential strategy for advancing beyond the fundamental performance limitations of semiconductor-based electronic devices, but feasible on-chip integrated logic units and cascade devices have not been reported. Here we demonstrate that a plasmonic binary NOR gate, a 'universal logic gate', can be realized through cascaded OR and NOT gates in f...

Contrast sensitivities were measured in human observers of different ages in response to sinusoidal grating patterns generated by laser interferometer and cathode ray tube (c.r.t.). The former method bypasses the effects of the optical media to assess directly the contrast sensitivity of the retina/visual system, while the over-all assessment including optical media is made to the c.r.t. displa...

Eric S. Gordon1, Lisa Dilling1,2, Elizabeth McNie1 and Andrea J. Ray1,3 1Western Water Assessment, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 2Environmental Studies Program and Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado B...

Prediction of CO2 Capture Properties of Functionalized and Hybrid Carbon Nanotube/Graphene Structures Xin Tan, Yan Jiao, Aijun Du, Sean C. Smith School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Bris...

N. Dudovich, J. L. Tate, Y. Mairesse, D. M. Villeneuve, P. B. Corkum, and M. B. Gaarde Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-4001, USA CELIA, Université Bordea...

Fluid neural networks can be used as a theoretical framework for a wide range of complex systems as social insects. In this article we show that collective logical gates can be built in such a way that complex computation can be possible by means of the interplay between local interactions and the collective creation of a global field. This is exemplified by a NOR gate. Some general implication...

1 Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany * now at: Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz, Rosenkavalierplatz 2, 81925 München, Germany ** now at: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, QUT Gardens Point, 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4001 QLD, Australia *** now at: Unit Policy Studies of the Energy research Centre of the Netherlands, (ECN)...

One difficulty faced in knowledge engineering for Bayesian Network (BN) is the quantification step where the Conditional Probability Tables (CPTs) are determined. The number of parameters included in CPTs increases exponentially with the number of parent variables. The most common solution is the application of the so-called canonical gates. The Noisy-OR (NOR) gate, which takes advantage of the...