The mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 was used to study the acute and chronic interaction of ethanol with intact neural cells. In the short term, ethanol inhibited opiate receptor binding, but after long-term exposure the cells exhibited an apparent adaptive increase in the number of opiate binding sites; this was reversible when ethanol was withdrawn. High concentrations...

It has previously been shown that opiates produce selective abolition of aversively motivated classically conditioned responses in the rabbit. The experiments reported here show that these effects are mediated by specific activation of opiate receptors within the central nervous system in that this central activation is both necessary and sufficient to produce opiate-induced abolition of condit...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of female alcohol and substance abusers has markedly increased. The main objective of this research was to explore personality profiles among females who had alcohol and opiate dependence. AIM The aim of the study is to analyse if there is differences in personality profiles of females addicted to alcohol and opiates. We hypothesized that there might be significant d...

Withdrawal is a potent motivator of drug-seeking behavior in human opiate addicts. Paradoxically, opiate withdrawal reduces dopamine release and suppresses behavioral responding in several animal models of addiction. These findings pose critical questions about how a withdrawal state that depresses dopaminergic and behavioral functioning contributes to drug seeking. This study addressed this is...

Cannabinoid, dopamine (DA), and opiate receptor pathways play integrative roles in emotional learning, associative memory, and sensory perception. Modulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptor transmission within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regulates the emotional valence of both rewarding and aversive experiences. Furthermore, CB1 receptor substrates functionally interact with opiate-related ...

[(3)H]Naloxone, a potent opiate antagonist, binds stereospecifically to opiate-receptor sites in rat-brain tissue. The binding is time, temperature, and pH dependent and saturable with respect to [(3)H]naloxone and tissue concentration. The [(3)H]naloxone-receptor complex formation is bimolecular with a dissociation constant of 20 nM. 15 Opiate agonists and antagonists compete for the same rece...

The endogenous central nervous tissue substance called MLC (morphine-like compound) is shown to bind to the opiate receptors of the mouse neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15. The interaction of MLC with these opiate receptors is noncooperative, as is the interaction of morphine, naloxone, and Leu-enkephalin with these receptors. A specific antibody to morphine will bind MLC but wil...

BACKGROUND The safety of opiate use for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) has long been a concern. The recent Crohn's therapy, resource, evaluation, and assessment tool (TREAT) registry update has added to these concerns by demonstrating an association of opiate use with an increased risk of infection and death in CD. While the association is clear, the relationship of opiates to these negativ...

65 The decreased sensitivity to clonidine would appear to be an important and reversible sign of withdrawal in the guinea-pig ileum. Such interactions between opiate receptors and a-adren-ergic receptors do not appear to occur in the mouse vas deferens (Gillan et al., 1979). However, vasa deferentia from rats treated chronically with clonidine showed lower sensitivity to the inhibitory effects ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of opiate substitution treatment at the beginning and end of treatment and according to duration of treatment. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. Setting UK General Practice Research Database. PARTICIPANTS Primary care patients with a diagnosis of substance misuse prescribed methadone or buprenorphine during 1990-2005. 5577 patients with 267 003 prescriptio...