نتایج جستجو برای: oil trade
تعداد نتایج: 232732 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
72 The World Financial Review China’s rapid economic inroads into Africa and the growth in its volume of trade with the continent from a mere $20 billion in 2001 to $120 billion in 2011, has attracted a lot of attention within Africa and among its traditional trading partners in the West. This is partly due to the contribution of Chinese investments, trade and partnership cooperation to Africa’...
Transportation networks play a crucial role in human mobility, the exchange of goods and the spread of invasive species. With 90 per cent of world trade carried by sea, the global network of merchant ships provides one of the most important modes of transportation. Here, we use information about the itineraries of 16 363 cargo ships during the year 2007 to construct a network of links between p...
investment shows a combination of demand of firms and supply household savings and due to the volatile nature reflects short-term fluctuations in the economy of any country. this study examines the effect of abundance natural resources on private sector investment through the economic freedom and five main index (government's size, the structure of property rights, access to sound money, f...
T he Oil-For-Food program was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 986 in 1995 as a means of providing humanitarian relief to Iraq, which had been under U.N. economic sanctions since the Persian Gulf War in 1991. The Oil-For-Food program was divided into six-month phases and required renewal by the Security Council at each phase. The first phase lasted from December 1996 to...
A general theory is developed to analyze the efficiency and income distribution effects of a biofuel consumer tax credit and the interaction effects with a price contingent farm subsidy. Using the U.S. ethanol market as a stylized example, ethanol prices rise above the gasoline price by the amount of the tax credit. Corn farmers therefore gain directly while gasoline consumers only gain from an...
Abstract: “Was taxation so heavy in the Russian transition that firms could not stay afloat?” is the question that this paper aims to answer. It details the fiscal structure and uses data from a number of sources to calculate statutory tax rates faced by businesses in 1995. The results show that statutory rates were manageable in the short run but unsustainable for several sectors in the long r...
Smallholder-dominated agricultural mosaic landscapes are highlighted as model production systems that deliver both economic and ecological goods in tropical agricultural landscapes, but trade-offs underlying current land-use dynamics are poorly known. Here, using the most comprehensive quantification of land-use change and associated bundles of ecosystem functions, services and economic benefit...
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