Objective: Evaluation activity was conducted using three spearmint genotypes (WG-SPM-Engl, SPM-Fran and SPM-EAS) and one standard check (WGSM-03) at Wondo Genet, Awassa, Debre Zeit and Allagae during 2012 and 2013 for two years. Methods: The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. Data on leaf to stem ratio, leaf yield/ha, Essential oil content and e...

We examine the effect of oil price fluctuations on democratic institutions over the 1960-2007 period. We also exploit the very persistent response of income to oil price fluctuations to study the effect of persistent (oil price-driven) income shocks on democracy. Our results indicate that countries with greater net oil exports over GDP see improvements in democratic institutions following uptur...

The conventional oil recovery system in the Fushun oil shale retorting plant has a low oil recovery rate. A large quantity of fresh water is used in the system, thereby consuming a considerable amount of water and energy, as well as polluting the environment. This study aims to develop a closed process of shale oil recovery from the circulating washing water for the Fushun oil shale retorting p...

olive (olea europaea l.) consumption and production are socially and economically important in iran. the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the vegetative characteristics, floral biology, fruit characteristics, oil percentage, and yield of eleven olive cvs. (‘arbequina’, ‘amygdalolia’, ‘bledy’, ‘roghani’, ‘zard’, ‘sevillana’, ‘koroneiki’, ‘conservalia’, ‘gordal sevillana’, ‘manzanilla’, and...

Biomass can be utilized to produce bio-oil, a promising alternative energy source for the limited crude oil. There are mainly two processes involved in the conversion of biomass to bio-oil: flash pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. The cost of bio-oil production from biomass is relatively high based on current technologies, and the main challenges are the low yield and poor bio-oil quality...

pre-harvest desiccation of rapeseed crop may allow a more timely harvest as well as increase the speed and harvest operation efficiency as a second crop after rice. an effective desiccant which could be used as a harvest-aid with no negative effects on rapeseed yield and quality would be advantageous for oil seed crop producers and may reduce yield losses with no interferential effects on rice ...

background and objectives: drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors reducing growth and yield of crops, especially in arid and semiarid regions of the world. during drought stress, nutrient uptake diminishes due to rising of solute concentrations and so increasing of osmotic potential in the root zone. with increasing soil ph, micronutrient uptake decreases more than ot...

in this research, the effects of organic fertilizers (bovine, sheep, leaf mould and vermicompost fertilizers) combined with foliar application of salicylic acid (sa) at the rate of 0, 10-2, 10-4 and 10-6 m on essential oil percentage and some secondary metabolites of lemon balm were investigated. the experiment was conducted as complete randomized block design with factorial arrangement in pots...

effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of sesame investigated under controlled conditions. the primed seeds with znso4 had the maximum germination percentage whereas the highest germination rate was observed in hydro-primed seeds. the treated seeds with peg showed the best growth of the seedlings and rootlet. the complementary field experiment was conducted to evaluate the ef...