Water ice has been discovered on the moon by radar backscatter at the North Pole and by spectrometry at the South Pole in the Cabeus crater with an extrapolated volume for both poles of conservatively 10(9) metric tons. Various exogenic and endogenic sources of this water have been proposed. This paper focuses on endogenic water sources by fumaroles and hot springs in shadowed polar craters. A ...

This study presents Ba isotope compositions of ocean island basalts (OIB) from the Azores Archipelago to investigate origin enriched components within their mantle sources. These samples have large variations in radiogenic Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf compositions, indicating that they tap highly heterogeneous They display two types characteristics. Samples Faial, Pico, São Jorge, and Miguel Islands exhibit hom...

Dr. Frances Westall (FW): Let’s begin with each of you giving an overview as to the importance of biogenic processes in the rise of oxygen—oxygenic photosynthesis. Lee, would you like to begin? Dr. Lee Kump (LK): What is really interesting about the history of atmospheric oxygenation is that there is this event or interval of change from an anoxic Archean atmosphere to an oxygenated post-Archea...

[1] Quantification of fluid fluxes from cold seeps depends on accurate estimates of the spatial validity of flux measurements. These estimates are strongly influenced by the choice of geoacoustic mapping tools. Multibeam bathymetry, side-scan sonar, and Chirp subbottom profiler data of several mound-shaped cold seeps offshore central Costa Rica show great variety in morphology and structure alt...

The Deccan Trap continental flood basalt eruptions of India occurred c. 67–63 Ma, thus spanning the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary (65 Ma). Deccan eruptions were coeval with an interval of profound global environmental and climatic changes and widespread extinctions, and this timing has sparked controversy regarding the relative influence of Deccan volcanism upon endCretaceous catastrophic events...