The ohmic heating rate of a food is highly influenced by its electrical conductivity (σ). In this study, tomato was ohmically heated by using five different voltage gradients (6–14 V/cm). Measurements were made from 26 to 96°C and showed a linear increase in σ values with increasing temperature. The voltage gradient was statistically significant on the heating time (P < 0.05). The ohmic heating...

The electrical substation components are often subject to degradation due to over-voltage or over-current, caused by a short circuit or a lightning. A particular interest is given to the circuit breaker, regarding the importance of its function and its dangerous failure. This component degrades gradually due to the use, and it is also subject to the shock process resulted from the stress of iso...

In superconductors where the coherence length is comparable to the Fermi wavelength , the electronic levels within a vortex core are quantized, and separated by energies of the order of the superconducting gap. The absence of a continuum modifies significantly the energy dissipation due to the motion of vortices. At zero temperature , dissipation is suppressed, and the system shows non ohmic be...

There exists both theoretical and observational evidence that the magnetic field decay in neutron stars may proceed in a pronounced non–linear way during a certain episode of the neutron star's life. In the presence of a strong magnetic field the Hall–drift dominates the field evolution in the crust and/or the superfluid core of neutron stars. Analysing observations of P and ˙ P for sufficientl...

Context. Protostellar accretion discs have cool, dense midplanes where externally originating ionisation sources such as X–rays or cosmic rays are unable to penetrate. This suggests that for a wide range of radii, MHD turbulence can only be sustained in the surface layers where the ionisation fraction is sufficiently high. A dead zone is expected to exist near the midplane, such that active acc...

trode configuration, in which a current is applied between the auxiliary and working electrodes and the potential of the working electrode (measured with respect to the reference electrode) is monitored. The basis of controlled current experiments is that a redox (electron transfer) reaction must occur at the surface of the working electrode in order to support the applied current. For example,...

Nipping is a potentially damaging aggressive behavior of juvenile steelhead trout (SaBmo gairdneri). By analyzing videotaped interactions of pairs of fish we determined where nips were aimed and where they contacted the opponent's body. Patterns of fin damage were also assessed. Aims and nips (contacts) were distributed differently i n reciprocal and nonreciprocal aggressive bouts. In nonrecipr...

The resistance of HCl solution without supporting electrolyte at a microelectrode was evaluated by the ac impedance technique of which the dc-potential was in the diffusion-controlled domain for the reduction of the hydrogen ion. The hydrogen ion is reduced to hydrogen gas. The Cl takes the same concentration profile as the hydrogen ion in order to keep electric neutrality. Then, no ion is pres...

Monocular deprivation results in anatomical changes in the visual cortex in favor of the non-deprived eye. Although the retina forms part of the visual pathway, there is scarcity of data on the effect of monocular deprivation on its structure. The objective of this study was to describe the effects of monocular deprivation on the retinal ganglion cell dendritic features. The study design was qu...

Activation Energy is an important feature in determining the formation of ohmic contact on a semiconducting material. Activation energy depends on workfunction of the semiconductor. Thus, there is a good co-relation between the ohmicity, activation energy and workfunction. In this work, Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin film of 2 μm thickness is the semiconducting material fabricated using Chemical V...