The flow in the bend channel used as spillway chute is complex due to turbulence, presence of shock waves, and vibrations. These transverse waves can damage hydraulic structure. Our aim this paper investigate distribution water surface five curved channels with relative curvatures ρ , different bottom slopes (1%, 2%, 10%...

This paper is focused on the discussion of the exact age, and environmental setting of the ‘Khvalynian’ Transgression of the Caspian Sea with the use of novel radiometric, isotopic evidence and GIS-linked modelling. Based on this evidence the Khvalynian transgression is viewed as coeval with the warm Late Glacial episodes in the higher latitudes, reaching its peak at 13.6 11.8 ka. During that p...

An understanding of rates and mechanisms of incision and knickpoint retreat in bedrock rivers is fundamental to perceptions of landscape response to external drivers, yet only sparse field data are available. Here we present eye witness accounts and quantitative surveys of rapid, amphitheatre-headed gorge formation in unweathered granite from the overtopping of a rock-cut dam spillway by small-...

Caruachi Hydroelectric Project conforms together with Guri, Tocoma and, Macagua the Lower Caroni Hydroelectric Development. Second Stage of River Diversion at Caruachi included diverting the Caroni River through 18, 5.5 × 9m sluices in the spillway lower body that after being closed by gates permitted the reservoir filling. In order to define the precise timing for closure of the sluices and to...