Post-authoritarian Indonesia has shown some sub-national political leaders fell from power before their first term while others have survived through it. I argue that the durability of these leaders is influenced by two factors: strategy of extraction and populist policy. Sub-national leaders need to extract in order to collect resources and in turn finance political strategies to maintain thei...

Recently determined heavy element abundances 1-3 have led to significant changes in our understanding of the internal structure and constitution of the Sun. It turns out that the standard solar models calculated with the new abundances are significantly different from the helioseismic results which were in a good agreement with the previous solar models. Figure 1 shows the relative difference b...

Studies of the origin of coronal heating and acceleration of the solar wind invoke high-frequency Alfvén waves. Here we suggest a source for such waves associated with twisted magnetic loops emerging on the solar surface and reconnecting with the open field. We identify the loops with the ephemeral regions (small-scale bipoles) observed by ground-based instruments and by SOHO. To characterize t...

Smart building, which delivers useful services to residents at the lowest cost and maximum comfort, has gained increasing attention. HVAC equipment is a particularly expensive and energy consuming of building operation. A variety of emerging information technologies has been adopted. As a result, the concept of “demanddriven HVAC control” is a hot research topic. In this work, we investigated t...

Today’s economic environment has highlighted the importance of properly optimizing every organization’s asset including space and facilities portfolio. Reducing space cost by using space more efficiently can release funds for other more important activities according to the National Audit Office (NAO) space management in higher education. Utilization rate is a function of a frequency rate and a...

The dynamics of indoor environmental conditions, human occupancy, and operational characteristics of buildings influence human comfort and indoor environmental quality, including the survival and progression of microbial communities. A suite of continuous, long-term environmental and operational parameters were measured in ten patient rooms and two nurse stations in a new hospital building in C...

In this paper we tackle the problem of providing a mobile robot with the ability to build a map of its environment using data gathered during navigation. The data correspond to the locations visited by the robot, obtained through a noisy odometer, and the distances to obstacles from each location, obtained from a noisy laser sensor. The map is represented as an occupancy grid. In this paper, we...

Industrial halls are mainly low-rise rectangular-shaped structures of simple construction. The relatively loose requirements in space conditioning and the comparatively high internal heat gain make the approach in industrial hall design quite different from that of office building design. The simplicity in building geometry and construction method allows the investigation of energy consumption ...

It has been long held that daylight positively affects worker productivity. Two recent studies reinforce this belief, but the cause-and-effect relationship between daylight and productivity has not been established. Basic research in circadian photobiology suggests that light has a very important role regulating human behavior, including the sleep-wake cycle and seasonal depression. Given these...

Abstract Cost-effective building energy optimization solutions have a strategic function to assist German and European policies for the simple reason that buildings account 40% of total consumption in Europe. The International Energy Agency considers efficiency as first fuel major resource. In this work, cost-effective system consisting 14 different wireless network embedded sensors, control un...