Unique patterns of spike activity across neuron populations have been implicated in the coding of complex sensory stimuli. Delineating the patterns of neural activity in response to varying stimulus parameters and their relationships to the tuning characteristics of individual neurons is essential to ascertaining the nature of population coding within the brain. Here, we address these points in...

The flow of a polystyrene Boger fluid through axisymmetric contraction–expansions having various contraction ratios (2 ≤ β ≤ 8) and varying degrees of re-entrant corner curvatures are studied experimentally over a large range of Deborah numbers. The ideal elastic fluid is dilute, monodisperse and well characterized in both shear and transient uniaxial extension. A large enhanced pressure drop a...

Filament stretching experiments are used to follow the evolution in the flow-induced birefringence (FIB) and the tensile force in polymeric fluid threads undergoing uniaxial elongation. The tests are performed with several monodisperse polystyrene solutions spanning concentrations from 0.025 to 12 wt.%, and the measurements are used to investigate the extent of hysteresis in the polymeric stres...

Deformation and breakup of a viscous drop in a Bingham liquid is investigated numerically with a volume-of-fluid scheme. Initially, a spherical drop is placed between two moving parallel plates. For our parameters, the matrix liquid has yielded. The competing effects driving the motion are the shear and interfacial tension. When interfacial tension effects dominate, the drop evolves to a steady...

Two distinct scaling procedures were found to predict the diameter effect for different types of drag-reducing fluids. The first one, which correlates the relative drag reduction (DR) with flow bulk velocity (V), appears applicable to fluids that comply with the 3-layers velocity profile model. This model has been applied to many polymer solutions; but the drag reduction versus V scaling proced...

This paper examines the obstacles of marriage and analyzes the tendency towards marriage in Hamedan Province. This paper uses survey data required a sample of 400 young individuals by using a multistage cluster sampling and stratified random sampling. The main obstacles of marriage in this study in terms of priority, were cultural obstacles with an average rank (4.94), social obstacles with an ...