Programs implementing community-based directly observed therapy (DOT) have demonstrated success in the treatment of patients with tuberculosis. However, given complexities in the management and treatment of patients infected with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), the utilization of community-based DOT to treat MDR-TB patients has only recently been successfully attempted. We describe t...

Unexpected adverse preclinical findings (APFs) are not infrequently encountered during drug development. Such APFs can be functional disturbances such as QT prolongation, morphological toxicity or carcinogenicity. The latter is of particular concern in conjunction with equivocal genotoxicity results. The toxicologic pathologist plays an important role in recognizing these effects, in helping to...

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of a peer-delivered intervention to promote short-term (6-month) and long-term (12-month) adherence to HAART in a Mozambican clinic population. DESIGN A 2-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted between October 2004 and June 2006. PARTICIPANTS Of 350 men and women (> or = 18 years) initiating HAART, 53.7% were female, and 97% were on 1 fixed-dose combi...

The success of potent antiretroviral treatment for HIV infection is primarily determined by adherence. We systematically review the evidence of effectiveness of interventions to increase adherence to antiretroviral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa. We identified 27 relevant reports from 26 studies of behavioural, cognitive, biological, structural, and combination interventions done between 2003 ...

Two well-documented examples of studies that can be eliminated from the data requirement list without apparent impact on the quality of risk assessment are presented. Database evaluations demonstrated no clear difference in sensitivity between 3-month and 12-month dog studies. From a regulatory perspective, only two compounds were identified in which the NOAEL for the 12-month dog study was mor...

2.0 Points of Departure and Potency Estimates...............................................3 2.1 The Benchmark Dose approach.................................................... 3 2.2 The T25 approach......................................................................7 2.3 Comparing BMD and T25 methodology for use in risk assessment.........8 2.4 The TD50 approach................................

SimSum (Slmulatxon of Summarizing) simulates 20 real-world worlang steps of expert summarizers It presents an empmcally founded cogmUve model of summarizing that operaUonahzes the discourse processing model developed by van Dijk and Kmtsch (1983) The observed strate.gles of expert summarizers have g~ven nse to cooperating object-onented agents commumcatlng through dedicated blackboards Each age...