Besides the need for a better understanding of networks, there is a need for prescriptive models and tools to specify requirements concerning networks and their associated graph representations. We propose class-based graphs as a means to specify requirements concerning object-based graphs. Various variants of membership are proposed as special relations between class-based and object-based gra...

—The tendency of the human being to apply the selective attention mechanism so as to determine about a truly intelligent perception system, which has the cognitive capability of learning and thinking about how to perceive the environment on its own. There are two attention mechanisms involved one of which is the top–down and the other bottom–up that correspond to the goal-directed and automatic...

In this paper, we describe several object-based encoding issues and provide solutions based on the MPEG-4 coding standard. Specifically, we first consider the general problem of object-based rate control and the allocation of bits among each object. Going a step further, we then discuss the issues related to the allocation of bits between shape and texture and propose a method to model the rate...

Errors can occur at every level of a dialogue, from the recognition of what words were spoken to the understanding of the intentions behind the words. Our approach to errorhandling assumes that errors cannot be avoided in spoken dialogue and that it is more useful to focus on methods for detecting and dealing with miscommunication when it occurs. An object-based architecture is presented that s...