Biotin is required by rumen microbes for efficient fermentation. To evaluate the role of protozoa in ruminal biotin metabolism, five diets composed of grass hay or of grass hay/cereal grain mixtures were supplied to faunated or defaunated RUSITEC fermenters. In the mixed diets, hay was replaced to 33:67 or 67:33 w/w on an air-dried basis by either wheat or maize grain in order to simulate diffe...

Straw a by-product from grain legume crops is produced in large quantities in Iran. Straw is constant component of ruminant diets on small holder farms; however, there is little information about its nutritive value. Accordingly experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and ruminal organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) degradability of chickpea straw using nylon bags (...

The fermentation characteristics of six specific types of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) were examined, with an emphasis on properties that are needed when designing plug-flow type anaerobic bioreactors. More specifically, the decomposition patterns of a vegetable (cabbage), fruits (banana and citrus peels), fresh leaf litter of bamboo and teak leaves, and paper (newsprin...

Purpose: To compare the outcome of corporeal plication using absorbable versus nonabsorbable sutures for the treatment of congenital penile curvature. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight men older than 15 years old with congenital penile curvature were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups based on the suture material (Nylon versus Vicryl) used in corporeal...

Prescriptions for intravenous (i.v.) fluids in hospitals may not be closely adhered to. This study prospectively examined whether prescribed i.v. fluids are administered at the correct rate. During a four-week period, the i.v. infusion rates in patients requiring continuous i.v. fluids and cared for by a single medical team in a district hospital were studied. The periods over which i.v. crysta...

OBJECTIVE To determine the oxygen outflow delivered by seven different models of manually operated self-inflating resuscitation bags (with and without an oxygen reservoir connected), which were tested using different oxygen supply rates without manipulating the bag, by simulating their use in patients breathing spontaneously. METHODS The oxygen outflow was measured using a wall oxygen flow me...

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is concerned with learning from sets (bags) of feature vectors (instances), where the individual instance labels are ambiguous. In MIL it is often assumed that positive bags contain at least one instance from a so-called concept in instance space, whereas negative bags only contain negative instances. The classes in a MIL problem are therefore not treated in the...