The accurate parameterization of moist convection presents a major challenge for the accurate prediction of weather and climate through numerical models. Superparameterization is a promising recent alternative strategy for including the effects of moist convection through explicit turbulent fluxes calculated from a cloud-resolving model. Basic scales for cloud-resolving modeling are the microsc...

GPS-derived ZTD (Zenith Tropospheric Delay) plays a key role in near real-time weather forecasting, especially in improving the precision of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. The ZTD is usually estimated using the first-order Gauss-Markov process with a fairly large correlation, and under the assumption that all the GPS measurements, carrier phases or pseudo-ranges, have the same accur...

Aircraft observations of wind and temperature are very important for upper air meteorology. In this article, the quality of the meteorological information of an Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract (ADS-C) message is assessed. The ADS-C messages broadcast by the aircraft are received at air traffic control centres for surveillance and airline control centres for general aircraft and dispat...

Meteorological numerical weather prediction (NWP) models solve a system of partial differential equations in time and space. Semi-lagrangian advection schemes allow for long time steps. These longer time steps can result in instabilities occurring in the model physics. A system of differential equations in which some solution components decay more rapidly than others is stiff. In this case it i...

A project established at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) in New Zealand is aimed at developing a prototype of a real-time landslide forecasting system. The objective is to predict temporal changes in landslide probability for shallow, rainfalltriggered landslides, based on quantitative weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction models. Global weather for...

I have just three minor comments. 1. I did not get a feeling for the significance of the results shown in Fig. 6 which show discrepancies between 3D and 2D magnetic field treatment of up to +/-7K in the tropics. This sounds a lot and makes me wonder if modelling from 2D is in fact useless for these higher channels. A question is how does this compare to variance with respect to climate in obser...

In recent years, Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) has made increasing use of parallel machines with large numbers of processors. The physics portion of NWP is particularly amenable to large scale parallelism as, in most cases, each grid column can be independently computed. However, grid columns have varying amounts of work associated with them, so, a simple partition of grid columns can leav...

Modern graphics cards provide computational capabilities that exceed current CPUs. As one of the computational intensive problems, numerical weather prediction (NWP) has the opportunity to benefit from the massive number of threads and large memory throughput in the graphics architecture. In this paper, we present the key steps to integrate the CUDA programming framework for one key component i...

Just a few decades ago, almost all ocean wind measurements came from merchant ships. However, the quality and geographical distribution of these wind reports were uneven. The quality of historical wind-stress have been well investigated [e.g., Cardone et al., 1990; Trenberth, et al, 1990; Kent et al., 1999]. Today, operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) also gives us wind information, b...

Weather forecasting is complex and not always accurate, moreover, it is generally defined by its very nature as a process that has to deal with uncertainties. In a previous work, a new weather prediction scheme was presented, which uses evolutionary computing methods, particularly, Genetic Algorithms in order to find the most timely ‘optimal’ values of model closure parameters that appear in ph...