Do International Labor Standards Contribute to the Persistence of the Child Labor Problem? In recent years, a number of governments and consumer groups in rich countries have tried to discourage the use of child labor in poor countries through measures such as product boycotts and the imposition of international labor standards. The purported objective of such measures is to reduce the incidenc...

abstract in this paper,using a structural decomposition analysis (sda) and the latest available input-output tables we investigate the sources of labor productivity growth in norway, south korea and iran. then, the contribution of each source in the growth of labor productivity is discussed. the results show that among six factors, value added coefficient is the most influencing factoracross al...

Women Social Security Beneficiaries Aged 62 or Older, 196~85* During the past half century, the number of women in the labor force has increased at a substantially higher rate than the number of working age women (table 1). In 1930, 10 million women workers represented only 24 percent of all women and 22 percent of the total labor force. By 1955, the number of women workers had doubled and wome...

This article studies the effect of recent labor market reforms on industrial relations in new democracies (1994–2003). The literature on labor politics posits two channels through which labor market deregulation may relate to industrial conflict. Wage deregulation may lower wage costs, increasing industrial conflict. Employment deregulation, however, can reduce the ability of workers to act col...

background: clinical trials in surgical procedures have shown that dexamethasone reduced pain, nausea and vomiting postoperatively. the aim of this study was to compare the effect of dexamethasone on nausea and vomiting and labor pain in women who were candidates for normal vaginal delivery. methods: in a clinical trial, 60 pregnant women during labor were allocated to two groups receiving 8 mg...

Women’s participation in the labor force has increased substantially over the past half century. In 1930, 10 million women were in the labor force. They represented 24 percent of all working age women and 22 percent of the total work force. By 1955 the number of women workers had doubled, and their labor-force paticipation rate had risen to 36 percent. By 1979 the number had more than quadruple...

T his study investigated the effect of international labor migration on Iran’s economy using a neo-classical growth model with the assumption of labor heterogeneity within the framework of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. After solving the model, the obtained equations were linearized and different values were assigned to the parameters according to Iran’s economy inform...

BACKGROUND The complexity of providing medical care in a high-tech environment with a highly specialized, limited labour force makes hospitals more crisis-prone than other industries. An effective defence against crises is only possible if the organizational resilience and the capacity to handle crises become part of the hospitals' organizational culture. To become more resilient to crises, a r...