objective(s): hepatitis c is a major cause of liver failure worldwide. current therapies applied for this disease are not fully effective and produce side effects in most cases. non-structural protein 3 helicase (ns3) of hcv is one of the key enzymes in viral replication and infection. therefore, this region is a promising target to design new drugs and therapies against hcv infection. the aim ...

the measurement of antibody responses of animals exposed to bvdv either through a natural exposure or an immunization protocol is still a standard procedure. for bvdv, the test formats have been largely limited to elisa which is a valuable diagnostic test to measure the level of bvdv specific antibodies as well as antigen in blood samples. in the present study, 120 blood samples were collected ...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) possesses multiple enzyme activities. The N-terminal one-third of NS3 primarily functions as a serine protease, while the remaining two-thirds of NS3 serve as a helicase and nucleoside triphosphatase. Whether the multiple enzyme activities of NS3 are functionally interdependent and/or modulated by other viral NS proteins remains unclear. We ...

To determine the nationwide status of persistent BVDV infection in different bovine species in China and compare different test methods, a total of 1379 serum samples from clinical healthy dairy cattle, beef cattle, yaks (Bos grunniens), and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were collected in eight provinces of China from 2010 to 2013. The samples were analyzed using commercial antibody (Ab) and ...

Respiratory disorders are major concern for dairy cattle industry. Viruses and bacteria in combinationwith stress play a key role in triggering acute respiratory infections. The most important viral agents arebovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus(BRSV), parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) and bovine adenovirus (BAV). This cros...

A recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV/E2) expressing the E2 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was constructed and characterized. Mice were immunized with recombinant virus and both humoral and cellular immune responses were studied. rFPV/E2 induced BVDV-specific antibodies which were detected by ELISA. In addition, mouse sera were shown to neutralize BVDV. A cytokine ELISA assay reveale...

Infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is prevalent in the cattle population worldwide. An important aspect of BVDV infection is the immunosuppression which results from virus effects on the immune cells. Macrophages were recovered from normal caws, and were exposed to BVDV in vitro. Tests were carried out on the recovered macrophages to determine the effects of the virus on several ...

Background: Measurement models inform the approach to assess a measure’s validity and also how measure is understood, applied interpreted. With preference-based measures, it generally accepted that they are formative; however, if without preferences, may be reflective, formative</n...

Porphyromonas gingivalis has virulence factors such as gingipain and lipopolysaccharide, causing bacteremia to reach the brain activate neuroinflammatory release cytokines. This study analyzed effect of co-culture neuron cells with P. gingivalis coated anti-P. antibodies against cytokines ...

Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes productive losses and reproductive failure in dairy farms. This study defined the seroprevalence determined factors associated with BVDV infection cows western region of Thailand. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 732 30 randomly selected herds. The antibody was detected using a commercial indirect ELISA kit (IDEXX®BVDV Total Ab, ID...