Disputes are multiplied, as if every thing was uncertain; and these disputes are managed with the greatest warmth, as if every thing was certain. A puzzle about progress in philosophy In what does philosophical progress consist? Let us start by distinguishing, by attention to certain extrema, two ways in which progress in a given field might proceed. The first presupposes a single standard para...

Why care about what emergence is, and whether there is any? To start, many complex entities of our acquaintance—tornados, plants, people and the like—appear to be composed of less complex entities, and to have features which depend, one way or another, on features of their composing entities. Yet such complex entities also appear to be to some extent autonomous, both ontologically and causally,...

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This study examines the extent to which employee judgments about distributive and procedural justice predict job satisfaction, intent to stay and evaluation of supervision in Hong Kong. Distributive and procedural justice each plays a role in determining work outcomes of Hong Kong employees. However, some effects of these justice variables differ from results of previous studies in the United S...

A B S T R AC T We proposed that the social exchange relationships individuals form in the workplace would mediate the relation between perceptions of interactional and distributive justice and social loafing. Specifically, we argued that both leader–member exchanges (LMX) and team–member exchanges (TMX) would mediate the relation between interactional justice and social loafing, and that LMX wo...

There are several reasonable conceptions of liberalism. A liberal polity can survive a measure of disagreement over just what constitutes liberalism. In part, this is because of the way a liberal order makes possible a dynamic, heterogeneous civil society and how that, in turn, can supply participants with reasons to support a liberal political order. Despite the different conceptions of justic...

This article takes up the issue of the plausibility of epistemological theories of consciousness: accounts of the so-called " hard problem " of phenomenal consciousness (Chalmers 1996) that are rooted in physicalistic explanations of what we know and how we know it. Such accounts elaborate how physical systems come to (perceptually) know their physical environments and show how perceivers may c...

The discussion of supervenience is replete with the use of infinitary logical operations. For instance, one may often find a supervenient property that corresponds to an infinite collection of supervenience-base properties, and then ask about the infinite disjunction of all those base properties. This is crucial to a well-known argument of Kim (1984) that supervenience comes nearer to reduction...