As a member of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), Iran has a long-term space exploration program. Space radiation is one of the challenges facing humans when they go outside Earth's protective atmosphere and magnetic field. Space is an environment that the cardinal principles of radiation protection i.e. time, distance and shielding cannot be effectively ...

This paper investigates the significance of T-duality in string theory: the indistinguishability with respect to all observables, of models attributing radically different radii to space – larger than the observable universe, or far smaller than the Planck length, say. Two interpretational branch points are identified and discussed. First, whether duals are physically equivalent or not: by cons...

in this paper, we introduce the concepts of $2$-isometry, collinearity, $2$%-lipschitz mapping in $2$-fuzzy $2$-normed linear spaces. also, we give anew generalization of the mazur-ulam theorem when $x$ is a $2$-fuzzy $2$%-normed linear space or $im (x)$ is a fuzzy $2$-normed linear space, thatis, the mazur-ulam theorem holds, when the $2$-isometry mapped to a $2$%-fuzzy $2$-normed linear space...

the notion of a probabilistic metric  space  corresponds to thesituations when we do not know exactly the  distance.  probabilistic metric space was  introduced by karl menger. alsina, schweizer and sklar gave a general definition of  probabilistic normed space based on the definition of menger [1]. in this note we study the pn spaces which are  topological vector spaces and the open mapping an...

The notion of a bead metric space is defined as a nice generalization of the uniformly convex normed space such as $CAT(0)$ space, where the curvature is bounded from above by zero. In fact, the bead spaces themselves can be considered in particular as natural extensions of convex sets in uniformly convex spaces and normed bead spaces are identical with uniformly convex spaces. In this paper, w...

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce several concepts of the metric-like spaces. For instance, we define concepts such as equal-like points, cluster points and completely separate points. Furthermore, this paper is an attempt to present compatibility definitions for the distance between a point and a subset of a metric-like space and also for the distance between two subsets of a metr...

the meaning of the yard as residential open space has changed in the contemporary iranian architecture, where its dignity has transformed to the public space in the sub-neighborhood. in the new urbanism according to the land limitation and economic problem, home’s space has decrease and share building has increased. this article has been conducted to investigate the possible landscape architect...

‎Let $M^n$ be an $n(ngeq 3)$-dimensional complete connected and‎ ‎oriented spacelike hypersurface in a de Sitter space or an anti-de‎ ‎Sitter space‎, ‎$S$ and $K$ be the squared norm of the second‎ ‎fundamental form and Gauss-Kronecker curvature of $M^n$‎. ‎If $S$ or‎ ‎$K$ is constant‎, ‎nonzero and $M^n$ has two distinct principal‎ ‎curvatures one of which is simple‎, ‎we obtain some‎ ‎charact...

in order to evaluation of plant densities and row spacing effects on growth and yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted by using four plant densities (125, 250, 375 and 500 plants per m2),two row spacing (12.5 and 25 cm), in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in anbare-ololum reign in rainfed and saline conditions during 2008-2009. results showed that leaf area index (...

different research and theoretical approaches have been adopted in the study of the space of music production. the space of production and consumption of culture in iran as a country in transition is diverse and heterogeneous. such a diversity and heterogeneity in itself causes problems for this space. the problem of this space, which in this research work has been defined as a small social spa...