Agents interact with each other within a set of norms, which is expressed at different levels of abstraction that capture different contexts and operationalizations. Current normative frameworks deal with norm operationalization, yet few consider the contextual aspects of norms. Moreover, most frameworks are based on the independent evaluations of norms, which makes it difficult to evaluate int...

Replacing the triangle inequality by ‖x + y‖ ≤ 2(‖x‖ + ‖y‖) in the definition of norm we obtain the notion of parallelogram norm. We establish that every parallelogram norm is a norm in the usual sense. ∗2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46B20; secondary 46C05.

Consumers increasingly use online pharmacies. However, illicit pharmacies endanger consumer welfare with unapproved and counterfeit drugs. By linking Food Drug Administration (FDA) warning letter content observations of the 1108 websites cited in those letters, we identify factors associated FDA-requested compliance active/inactive website status. One five failed to comply FDA recommendations. ...

‎In this paper‎, ‎some properties of pre-monotone operators are proved‎. ‎It is shown that in a reflexive Banach space‎, ‎a full domain multivalued $sigma$-monotone operator with sequentially norm$times$weak$^*$ closed graph is norm$times$weak$^*$ upper semicontinuous‎. ‎The notion of $sigma$-convexity is introduced and the‎ ‎relations between the $sigma$-monotonicity and $sigma$-convexity is i...

We introduce and  study  fuzzy (co-)inner product and fuzzy(co-)norm of hyperspaces. In this regard by considering  the notionof hyperspaces, as a generalization of vector spaces, first we willintroduce the notion of fuzzy (co-)inner product in hyperspaces and will apply it to formulate the notions offuzzy (co-)norm and fuzzy (co-)orthogonality  in hyperspaces. Inparticular, we will prove that ...

 Minimum and maximum operators are two well-known t-norm and s-norm used frequently in fuzzy systems. In this paper, two different types of fuzzy inequalities are simultaneously studied where the convex combination of minimum and maximum operators is applied as the fuzzy relational composition. Some basic properties and theoretical aspects of the problem are derived and four necessary and suffi...

stand establishment in crusting soil is one of the main concerns in the production of crops with delicate seedlings such as cotton, onions and rape seed. crust breaking, maintaining soil moisture and adding chemical and organic amendments to soil are different methods to weaken soil strength and allow the shoots to emerge. these methods are not always successful because they depend on factors s...