Spin-torque-transfer (STT) magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) [1-3], a successor to field-induced magnetic switching MRAM [4,5], is an emerging non-volatile memory technology that is CMOS-compatible, scalable, and allows for high-speed access. However, two circuit-level challenges remain for STT-MRAM: potentially destructive read access due to device variation and a high-power write a...

This paper outlines the design and testing process of hull a deep small Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), rated at 2000m depth. Many existing AUV pressure housings use aluminum or other isotropic traditional metals, instead composites due to complexities such big load. The research hand explains starting from setting geometrical constraints for mass production. To best authors’ knowledge, no...

Synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) has been used in non-destructive testing mainly in its simplest form that mimics acoustic lenses used for focusing ultrasonic beams at a point of a solid object or structure. This paper presents a review of SAFT algorithms applied for post-processing of ultrasonic data acquired in non-destructive inspection of metals. The performance of SAFT in terms...

How Many Winners Are Good to Have? On Tournaments with Sabotage From an employer’s perspective a tournament should induce agents to exert productive activities but refrain from destructive ones. We experimentally test the predictive power of a tournament model which suggests that – within a reasonable framework – productive and destructive activities are not influenced neither by the number of ...

Tephrochronology uses recognizable volcanic ash layers (from airborne pyroclastic deposits, or tephras) in geological strata to set unique time references for paleoenvironmental events across wide geographic areas. This involves the detection of tephra layers which sometimes are not evident to the naked eye, including the so-called cryptotephras. Tests that are expensive, time-consuming, and/or...

We introduce 4Pi confocal microscopy with destructive interference of converging waves. Linear lobe deconvolution as well as nonlinear restoration of 4Pi confocal raw data with their point-spread functions (PSF's) leads to almost-identical images, irrespective of whether the 4Pi confocal PSF relies on constructive or destructive interference. Three-dimensional imaging of microtubules of a mouse...

The application of modern non-destructive testing methods on grain quality testing had important implications for grain production, distribution and sale. In the paper, five test methods of modern electronic information technology, which were near-infrared spectroscopy, electronic nose, machine vision, magnetic resonance and acoustic vibrations, were described, the research progress of near-inf...