The layering structure of a painting contains a wealth of information about the artist's choice of materials and working methods, but currently, no 3D noninvasive method exists to replace the taking of small paint samples in the study of the stratigraphy. Here, we adapt femtosecond pump-probe imaging, previously shown in tissue, to the case of the color palette in paintings, where chromophores ...

Nondestructive imaging of physiological changes in plants has been intensively used as an invaluable tool for visualizing heterogeneous responses to various types of abiotic and biotic stress. However, conventional approaches often have intrinsic limitations for quantitative analyses, requiring bulky and expensive optical instruments for capturing full spectral information. We report a spectrom...

Ultrasound imaging is an important technique with great potential for accurate nondestructive testing. Previously, we proposed a high-resolution 3-D imaging algorithm for UWB radar, the Envelope algorithm with adaptive smoothing techniques. The Envelope imaging algorithm utilizes the principle that the target boundary is expressed as an envelope of spheres determined by observed ranges, while t...

With the electronic industry being one of the most dynamic, in terms of new technologies, electronic packages have to be designed and optimized for new and ever more demanding applications in relatively short periods of time while satisfying electrical, thermal, and mechanical requirements, as well as cost and manufacturability. In addition, reliability and durability have to be taken into cons...

Free electrons with a helical phase front, referred to as "twisted" electrons, possess an orbital angular momentum (OAM) and, hence, a quantized magnetic dipole moment along their propagation direction. This intrinsic magnetic moment can be used to probe material properties. Twisted electrons thus have numerous potential applications in materials science. Measuring this quantity often relies on...