The recent advances in anode and cathode materials combined with the compatibility of electrolytes are systematically reviewed for calcium (Ca)-based rechargeable batteries, focusing on their cell design, battery performance, characterization future opportunities.

BACKGROUND The use of biocatalysts has become an increasingly attractive alternative to traditional chemical methods, due to the high selectivity, mild reaction conditions and environmentally-friendly processes in nonaqueous catalysis of nucleosids. However, the extensive use of organic solvents may generally suffer from sever drawbacks such as volatileness and toxicity to the environment and l...