The feasibility of employing aqueous non-ionic surfactant solutions as an alternative solvent system in pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is demonstrated for the first time using the roots of American ginseng as model solid samples. When compared to the use of pure water or methanol, the presence of a common non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) in water at a concentration above its critical mi...

fifty street dust samples were collected from southern and eastern parts of tehran, the capitalof iran. samples were collected during summer under dry and stable weather conditions. total concentrationsof copper (cu), cadmium (cd), lead (pb), chromium (cr), nickel (ni), zinc (zn), iron (fe), manganese (mn)and lithium (li) were determined. ten samples were then selected for characterization, met...

The voltammetric characteristics of bismuth(III)-oxinate in chloroform at the mercury electrode were investigated and a quasi-reversible behavior for Bi(III) oxinate reduction was confirmed. Preceded by the extraction of Bi(III) oxinate in chloroform, differential pulse polarography was developed in the extracts for determination of the trace-bismuth. The linear range of the calibration gra...

BACKGROUND In the long-lasting debate of extraction versus non-extraction treatment, the impact of extractions on the skeletal vertical dimension remains rather unclear. The aim of this retrospective research study was to obtain a bias-free sample of morphologically similar borderline patients treated with or without extraction of the four first premolars and to retrospectively evaluate the ver...

Chemical extractants used to measure labile soil metal must ideally select for and solubilise the labile fraction, with minimal solubilisation of non-labile metal. We assessed four extractants (0.43 M HNO3, 0.43 M CH3COOH, 0.05 M Na2H2EDTA and 1 M CaCl2) against these requirements. For soils contaminated by contrasting sources, we compared isotopically exchangeable Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb (EValue...

BACKGOUND This study cephalometrically evaluated the posterior teeth angulation changes of anterior open-bite non-extraction and extraction treatment in the permanent dentition, with anterior vertical elastics. METHODS The sample consisted of initial and final lateral headfilms of 60 patients divided into 2 groups: Group 1 consisted of 30 patients treated with non-extraction with an initial m...

The extraction method is critical for the recovery of phenolic compounds. The main goal was to evaluate the effect of an extraction process from mango seed on their phenolic profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities. Phenolic extraction was performed in different steps: maceration, alkaline hydrolysis, acid/alkaline hydrolysis, polar and non-polar fraction of an ethyl acetate separation...

A Santha-Vazirani (SV) source is a sequence of random bits where the conditional distribution of each bit, given the previous bits, can be partially controlled by an adversary. Santha and Vazirani show that deterministic randomness extraction from these sources is impossible. In this paper, we study the generalization of SV sources for non-binary sequences. We show that unlike the binary case, ...

the study aimed to come up with a list of specific macroalgae species, which could be used to biomonitor specific metal elements in the coastal waters of east africa. water extraction, edta, aqua regia extraction and optimized bcr 3-step sequential extracts were used to mimic bioavailable metals under various environmental conditions. the results indicated that ulva lactuca could be used as a ...