The Phase-Locked Loop is used to track an incoming signal and provide accurate carrier phase measurements on GPS receivers. However, the PLL performance is affected by the thermal noise and dynamic stress. In order to resolve the conflict between reducing PLL noise and overcoming the dynamic stress, some compromises must be taken in PLL design. This paper proposes a wavelet packet de-noising te...

The paper presents a review on physics-based noise simulation techniques for RF semiconductor devices, starting with the small-signal case but with greater stress on noise in largesignal (quasi)-periodic operation. The nonautonomous (forced) operation case will be considered, which is relevant to all RF applications apart from oscillators. Besides their importance in device design, physics-base...

Background: Environmental noise is a known stressful factor that induces alterations of various physiological responses in the exposed individuals. It is known very little about the effect of prenatal noise stress on the serum glucose, lipids and morphology of Langerhans islets in neonatal rats. Objectives: In the present study the effect of chronic noise stress on hyperglycemia and lipid profi...