In this paper we elaborate on the idea @Lohse et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1359–1362 ~1997!# that ~single! sonoluminescing air bubbles rectify argon. The reason for the rectification is that nitrogen and oxygen dissociate and their reaction products dissolve in water. We give further experimental and theoretical evidence and extend the theory to other gas mixtures. We show that in the absence o...

Xenon is one of noble gases and has been recognized as an anesthetic for more than 50 years. Xenon possesses many of the characteristics of an ideal anesthetic, but it is not widely applied in clinical practice mainly because of its high cost. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that xenon as an anesthetic can exert neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects in different model...

The transport of gases in porous materials is a crucial component of many important processes in science and technology. In the present work, we demonstrate how magnetic resonance microscopy with continuous flow laser-polarized noble gases makes it possible to "light up" and thereby visualize, with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution, the dynamics of gases in samples of silica aerogels and...

We have measured the far-field angular distributions of high harmonics (orders 11—41) generated by a 1-p,m, 1-ps laser pulse [(0.3—3)X 10 W/cm ] in low-density Ar, Kr, and Xe targets (~ 1 Torr, 1-mm thick). The far-field harmonic distributions show a narrow central structure surrounded by broad wings that contain approximately 75% of the harmonic energy. Low-density targets and f/70 focusing we...

The values of the radiation potentials for strontium and barium have not been directly determined, but Mohler, Foote and Megers (Sci. Paper, Bureau of Standards, No. 403, 1920) give estimates from the wave-lengths of the tail lines of the proper spectral series for these elements. Hydrogen is added to the table, although not given by Eve. An inspection of the table brings out the following: For...

We have studied the double ionization of helium and other rare gases using an electron-ion coincidence technique. With this scheme, the electron energy spectrum correlated to the creation of a doubly charged ion may be compiled. In all cases, the observed double ionization electron distributions are similar and enhanced at high energies, while the single ionization spectra exhibit distinct diff...

Noble gas analysis can be performed on two types of ice core samples. First, atmospheric air, trapped in bubbles in polar ice, can be extracted and analyzed for its noble gas composition. Variations in the isotopic and elemental composition of noble gases reveal changes in the composition of the paleoatmosphere or the impact of climate-related physical processes acting when the air was enclosed...

Evaporation kinetics of fused silica were measured up to ≈3000K using CO(2) laser heating, while solid-gas phase chemistry of silica was assessed with hydrogen, air, and nitrogen. Enhanced evaporation in hydrogen was attributed to an additional reduction pathway, while oxidizing conditions pushed the reaction backwards. The observed mass transport limitations supported use of a near-equilibrium...