Results from a regional air quality forecast model, AIRPACT-3, are compared to OMI tropospheric NO2 integrated column densities for an 18 month period over the Pacific Northwest. AIRPACT column densities are well correlated (r = 0.75) to cloud-free (<35%) retrievals of tropospheric NO2 for monthly averages without wildfires, but are poorly correlated (r = 0.21) with significant model overpredic...

A diary study on a random sample of 625 Swiss children aged 0 to 5 yr was conducted in two cities in Switzerland to investigate the association between air pollution and respiratory symptoms. Total suspended particulates (TSP), SO2 and NO2 were measured by city monitor. In addition, passive samplers inside and outside the home measured NO2 concentration during the 6 wk each child was on the dia...

BaO adsorbents, together with transition metal catalysts, can be used to trap smog-causing NO from combustion effluent streams that lack CO or residual hydrocarbons as reductants. 3 Transition metals catalyze NO oxidation to NO2, a molecule that readily adsorbs on many porous solids, but which also inhibits NO oxidation by titrating active sites on catalytic surfaces with oxygen atoms. 8 As a r...

Levels of indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in a home equipped with butane gas stove and heaters are reported between the months of February and July 2003. Diffusion passive sampling was used for the simultaneous measurements of indoor and outdoor NO2 concentrations. The overall average indoor NO2 concentrations were 15.6 and 22.3 g m 3 for the living room and kitchen, respectively, while that for ...

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine. TH is inhibited and nitrated at tyrosine residues in vitro by the reactive nitrogen species peroxynitrite and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and in vivo by drugs that damage dopamine neurons. Tetrahydrobiopterin, which is the essential cofactor for TH and is concentrated in dopamine neur...

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a prime substrate for intra-gastric nitration giving rise to the formation of nitro-conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-CLA). Herein, NO2-CLA generation is demonstrated within the context of acute inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo. Macrophage activation resulted in dose- and time-dependent CLA nitration and also in the production of secondary electroph...

This paper concerns the improvements of NO2 forecast due to satellite data assimilation. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASA Aura satellite provides observations of NO2 columns for air quality study. These satellite observations are assimilated, with the optimal-interpolation method, in an air quality model from Polyphemus, in order to improve NO2 forecasts in Europe. Good consist...

Nitrous acid (HONO) plays a significant role in the atmosphere, especially in the polluted troposphere. Its photolysis after sunrise is an important source of hydroxyl free radicals (OH). Measurements of nitrous acid and other pollutants were carried out in the Kathmandu urban atmosphere during January–February 2003, contributing to the sparse knowledge of nitrous acid in South Asia. The result...

Kinetic and isotopic methods show that NO oxidation on supported Pt clusters involves kinetically relevant reaction of O2 with vacancy sites on surfaces nearly saturated with oxygen adatoms (O*). The oxygen chemical potential at Pt surfaces that determines the O* coverage is rigorously described by an O2 virtual pressure and determined by the thermodynamics of NO2-NO interconversion reactions. ...

BACKGROUND To investigate air pollution effects during pregnancy or in the first weeks of life, models are needed that capture both the spatial and temporal variability of air pollution exposures. METHODS We developed a time-space exposure model for ambient NO2 concentrations in Bern, Switzerland. We used NO2 data from passive monitoring conducted between 1998 and 2009: 101 rural sites (24,49...