The microaerophilic food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is exposed to highly variable oxygen concentrations during its life cycle and employs a variety of protection mechanisms to resist oxidative stress. However, not all of the enzymes that mediate such protection have yet been identified. Two genes in strain NCTC 11168, Cj0637c and Cj1112c, are predicted to encode unrelated methionine su...

OBJECTIVE Previous studies from our laboratory and others found that NO is a potent inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene transcription in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC), however, the mechanism responsible for the induction of HO-1 gene expression has not been elucidated. In the present study, we determined the signaling pathway responsible for the induction of HO-1 and its biological sig...

BACKGROUND Nitrosative stress is involved in different airway diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neutrophil-related cytokine release and nitrosative stress in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells alone or with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Ambroxol protects against oxidative stress, and beclomethasone dipropionate is an anti-inflammatory drug. OBJECTIVES We evaluat...

fonic acid modification, as we were able to observe these derivatives in our peptide analysis of proMMP-9. To confirm the pathophysiological relevance of these findings, we performed the same ischemia and reperfusion experiments after nNOS inhibition with 3br7NI, which is known to be neuroprotective and decrease stroke size. Under these conditions with NO formation blocked, the sulfinic and sul...

Neutrophils are key players during Candida albicans infection. However, the relative contributions of neutrophil activities to fungal clearance and the relative importance of the fungal responses that counteract these activities remain unclear. We studied the contributions of the intra- and extracellular antifungal activities of human neutrophils using diagnostic Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)...

To cite: Yamada T, Fedotovskaya O, Cheng AJ, et al. Ann Rheum Dis Published Online First: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ annrheumdis-2013-205007 ABSTRACT Objective Skeletal muscle weakness is a prominent clinical feature in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the underlying mechanism(s) is unknown. Here we investigate the mechanisms behind arthritis-induced skeletal muscl...

Cataract, a leading cause of blindness, is of special concern in diabetics as it occurs at earlier onset. Polyol accumulation and increased oxidative-nitrosative stress in cataractogenesis are associated with NFκB activation, iNOS expression, ATP depletion, loss of ATPase functions, calpain activation and proteolysis of soluble to insoluble proteins. Tocotrienol was previously shown to reduce l...

Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) prevents accumulation of the superoxide that arises as a consequence of oxidative phosphorylation. However, SOD2 is a target of oxidative/nitrosative inactivation, and reduced SOD2 activity has been demonstrated to contribute to portal hypertensive gastropathy. We investigated the consequences of gastric parietal cell-specific SOD2 deficiency on mitocho...

Helicobacter pylori possesses two distinct thioredoxin proteins (Trx1 and Trx2) which may play important roles in the ability of this bacterium to survive oxidative stress. Trx1 has previously been shown to be an electron donor in vitro for alkyl-hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC), one of three members of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant peroxidases present in H. pylori. In this study, mutan...