A number of xenobiotics and certain pathophysiological situations cause the induction of CYP2E1. The present study was designed to establish the role of plasma urea nitrogen and L-arginine on hepatic CYP2E1 expression in rats or rats with acute renal failure. Exposure of rats to a single intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg uranyl nitrate caused renal failure in 5 days (ARF), as evidenced by increases i...

1. Chronic saline loading and prior induction of acute renal failure are manoeuvres which have been reported to protect against the development of acute renal failure. The underlying mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of these protective manoeuvres on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and proximal and distal tubular function in the glycerol-induced...

Based on the nitrogenous base or quaternary ammonium moiety in isoxsuprine hydrochloride (ISX), two highly accurate and selective titrimetric methods are proposed f or the determination of ISX in spiked human urine, injection and tablets. Non aqueous titration (Method A) involves removal of protonated amine using mercuric acetate for enhanced basic nitrogen prior to titration with perchloric ac...

since the pressure of hydrocarbon reservoirs drops due to production, in order to keep the production rate constant or increase enhanced recovery, few methods are used. one of which is gas injection to the reservoir. on the other hand, due to reduction in oil production potential of aghajari oil field, gas injection is highly required to pressurize and enhance oil recovery. there is a possibili...

We examined the relationship between plasma cortisol levels, hepatic glutamine synthetase (GNS) activity and the form of nitrogen excreted (e.g. urea, ammonia) in undisturbed versus confined/crowded (acutely stressed) gulf toadfish. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that acute increases in plasma cortisol levels are required to trigger the increase in GNS activity induced by the confinemen...

The retention of antigen in rabbit liver tissue, resulting from a primary intravenous injection, is influenced by immunization brought about by subsequent intravenous injections of the same antigen. In rabbits given a single primary intravenous injection of radioactive antigen, the retention of radioactivity in liver tissue, after a period of 21 days, was greater than when the primary injection...

The effects of in-cylinder water injection on a direct injection (DI) Diesel engine were studied using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program based on the Kiva-3v code. The spray model is validated against experimental bomb data with good agreement for vapor penetration as a function of time. It was found that liquid penetration increased approximately 35% with 23% of the fuel volume repl...

Supercritical nitrogen jet behavior is modeled using an incompressible but variable density approach developed for jets. Following mechanical and thermal breakup concepts, several injection conditions relevant to liquid rocket propulsion are analyzed, considering heat transfer in the injector. Regarding axial distributions, different levels of agreement with experimental data encountered potent...

The effects of Arabic gum (AG) against nephrotoxicity of mercury (Hg), an oxidative-stress inducing substance, in rats were investigated. A single dose of mercuric chloride (5 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection) induced renal toxicity, manifested biochemically by a significant increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and total nitrate/nitrite prod...

Exposure to lead (Pb) can induce kidney injury and our recent studies have found that Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) injection, a traditional Chinese medicine, could protect against the organ injury induced by iron overload. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of SM injection on nephrotoxicity induced by Pb acetate in mice and to elucidate the potential mechanism(s). Healthy...