In primates, nicotine is metabolically inactivated in the liver by CYP2A6 and possibly CYP2B6. Changes in the levels of these two enzymes may affect nicotine pharmacokinetics and influence smoking behaviors. This study investigated the independent and combined effects of ethanol self-administration and nicotine treatment (0.5 mg/kg b.i.d. s.c.) on hepatic CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 levels (mRNA, protein...

Background: Smoking is the most common and cheapest addictive substance and has physical, psychological, and social side effects. Personality traits and low self-control have been identified as key factors for substance and tobacco abuse. This study examined the relationship between personality traits and self-control, and symptoms of nicotine dependence in male prisoners. Methods: This was a d...

BACKGROUND Nicotiana attenuata is attacked by larvae of both specialist (Manduca sexta) and generalist (Spodoptera exigua) lepidopteran herbivores in its native habitat. Nicotine is one of N. attenuata's important defenses. M. sexta is highly nicotine tolerant; whether cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated oxidative detoxification and/or rapid excretion is responsible for its exceptional tolerance rem...

objectives: according to the gateway drug theory, tobacco use is a predisposing factor for future substance abuse. this study was conducted to compare nicotine and opiate dependents to identify the differences between their personality traits and psychopathology that makes them turn to other substances after cigarette smoking. methods: a causal-comparative study was conducted. three groups were...

ôbjective: previous studies reported that individuals with parkinson’s disease are less likely to have smoking history and it seems that nicotine has a neuroprotective effect. the authors have conducted a case-control retrospective study to determine if there is an association between cigarette smoking and parkinson’s disease. methods: ïn a matched case-control study, 92 individuals with parkin...

Each CYP2A6 gene variant metabolizes nicotine differently depending on its enzymatic activities. The normal nicotine metabolizer CYP2A6(*)1A is associated with high scores of nicotine dependence (5-10) on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scale because it encodes for enzymes that catalyze nicotine 100%. Slow nicotine metabolizers (i.e., CYP2A6(*)1H, CYP2A6(*)4A, CYP2A6(*)9, and...

nicotine is one the chemical substance with high level of toxically. it crosses the placenta and accumulates in the developing organs of fetus. our previous investigations indicated that collagen type iv plays a key role in basement membrane of various embryonic organs. in this study we evaluated the effect of maternal nicotine exposure pre and postnatal period on collagen iv expression during ...

the present study was aimed at elucidating the protective effect of ferulic acid (fa), a natural polyphenol against nicotine-induced tissue damage, including lung, liver and kidney of experimental rats. female albino rats of wistar stain were used for the experimental study. lung toxicity was induced by subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (5 days a week, for 22...

Introduction: Nicotine is the psychoactive substance responsible for establishing and maintaining smoking dependence. CYP2A6 is the primary enzyme that inactivates nicotine to cotinine .Genetic variation in CYP2A6 accounts for some of the inter-individual variability in nicotine metabolism and has been indicated to influence smoking behavior and dependence. Therefore, the aim of this study was ...