Administration of Na(+)/H(+) exchange isoform-1 (NHE-1) inhibitors before ischemia has been shown to attenuate myocardial infarction in several animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, controversy still exists as to the efficacy of NHE-1 inhibitors in protection of myocardial infarction when administered at the onset of reperfusion. Furthermore, the efficacy of NHE-1 inhibition in...

Cell migration is crucial for processes such as immune defense, wound healing, or the formation of tumor metastases. Typically, migrating cells are polarized within the plane of movement with lamellipodium and cell body representing the front and rear of the cell, respectively. Here, we address the question of whether this polarization also extends to the distribution of ion transporters such a...

1 1 Objective: Experiments were performed to examine the effect of chronic inhibition of the Na /H exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1) on cardiac hypertrophy of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: SHR were orally treated during 1 month with two different doses (0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg/day) of the NHE-1 inhibitor, cariporide, or nifedipine (10.0 mg/kg/day). Results: The two doses of cariporide did...

Hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) and non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) of Sedum alfredii Hance belong to the same species but exhibit contrasting characteristics regarding hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance to cadmium and zinc. The Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform was employed to sequence HE and NHE to study the genetic evolution of this contrasting trait. Greater than 90 million clean reads were...

The rat Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform-2 (NHE-2) gene promoter lacks a TATA box and is very GC rich. A minimal promoter extending from bp -36 to +116 directs high-level expression of NHE-2 in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD-3) cells. Four Sp1 consensus elements were found in this region. The introduction of mutations within these Sp1 consensus elements and DNA footprinting revealed t...

Afferent (Af-Art) and efferent arterioles resistance regulate glomerular capillary pressure. The nephron regulates Af-Art resistance via: 1) vasoconstrictor tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), initiated in the macula densa via Na-K-2Cl cotransporters (NKCC2) and 2) vasodilator connecting tubuloglomerular feedback (CTGF), initiated in connecting tubules via epithelial Na channels (ENaC). Furosemide...

Connexin 43, the major connexin isoform in gap junctions of cardiac ventricular myocytes, undergoes changes in distribution and expression in cardiac diseases. The Na(+)-H(+) exchanger (NHE-1), a key mediator of hypertrophy and heart failure, has been shown to be localized in the cardiomyocyte gap junctional regions; however, whether NHE-1 regulates gap junction proteins in the hypertrophied ca...

Animal models are useful for characterizing neural substrates of neuropsychiatric disorders. Several models have been proposed for the study of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The models can be divided into various groups: (i) genetically derived hyperactivity/ inattention, (ii) animal models showing symptoms after pharmacological intervention, and (iii) those based on spontane...

The formation of G-quadruplex structures within the nuclease hypersensitive element (NHE) III(1) region of the c-myc promoter and the ability of these structures to repress c-myc transcription have been well established. However, just how these extremely stable DNA secondary structures are transformed to activate c-myc transcription is still unknown. NM23-H2/nucleoside diphosphate kinase B has ...