The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on plasma and muscle ammonia (NH(3) denotes ammonia and ammonium) accumulation during prolonged exercise. Eleven trained men exercised for 2 h at 65% peak pulmonary oxygen consumption while ingesting either 250 ml of an 8% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution every 15 min (CHO) or an equal volume of a sweet placebo. B...

Gold (Au) electrodes coated with layer-by-layer (LbL) thin films composed of chitosan (CHI) were prepared to evaluate the redox properties of hexaammine ruthenium ions, Ru(NH₃)₆3+, and ferricyanide ions, Fe(CN)₆3- LbL films were prepared on an Au electrode by electrostatic LbL deposition using polycationic CHI and poly(vinyl sulfate) (PVS) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as anionic component. Redox...

Synthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) used for hemodialysis frequently fail due to the development of neointimal hyperplasia (NH) at the vein-graft anastomosis. Inflammation and smooth-muscle cell (SMC) and myofibroblast proliferation and migration likely play an important role in the pathogenesis of NH. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), the products of the catabolism of arachidonic acid by cyt...

Hagfishes, the most ancient of the extant craniates, demonstrate a high tolerance for a number of unfavorable environmental conditions, including elevated ammonia. Proposed mechanisms of ammonia excretion in aquatic organisms include vesicular NH(4)(+) transport and release by exocytosis in marine crabs, and passive NH(3) diffusion, active NH(4)(+) transport, and paracellular leakage of NH3 or ...

The present study evaluated cardioprotective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Nepeta hindostana (NH), commonly know as badranjbuyeh in Unani medicine, in the experimental model of isoproterenol (ISO) induced- myocardial infarction. Wistar albino rats were divided in to four groups: sham control, ISO control, NH treatment group and ISO with NH treatment groups. NH was administered at doses o...

Mesoporous TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposite (TS) was synthesized via sol-gel method and Amino-functionalized using 3-(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. prepared amino-functionalized TiO2-SiO2 (NH2TS) was evaluated for eliminating radioactive Th(IV) ion in comparison with (TS). The prepared nanocomposites were characterized using FT-IR,  XRD, DSC-TGA...

Here we describe a direct access to 2,2,3-trisubstituted syn γ-nitroaldehydes by addition of α-branched aryl acetaldehydes nitroolefins promoted cinchona based squaric acid-derived amino acid peptide. Different α-methyl arylacetaldehydes react with β-aromatic and β-alkyl afford the Michael adducts in high enantioselectivity syn-selectivity. NMR experiments DFT calculations predict reaction occu...

Suspension cultures of Paul's Scarlet rose were grown in two defined media which differed only in their inorganic nitrogen content. Both possessed equal amounts of NO(3) (+) (24 mm), but differed in that NH(4) (+) (0.91 mm) was present in control medium; whereas, no NH(4) (+) was present in the test medium. A comparison of fresh weight increases over a 14-day growth period showed that NH(4) (+)...

Most cases of cystic fibrosis (CF), a common inherited disease of epithelial cell origin, are caused by the deletion of Phe508 located in the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBF1) of the protein called CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). To gain greater insight into the structure within the Phe508 region of the wild-type protein and the change in structure that occurs w...

Seagrasses have declined at a global scale due to light reduction and toxicity events, caused by eutrophication and increased sediment loading. Although several studies have tested effects of light reduction and toxicants on seagrasses, there is at present no information available on their interacting effects. In a full-factorial 5-day laboratory experiment, we studied short-term interactive ef...