Thinkers and philosophers have constantly benefited from different         approaches of reasoning to explore and justify their ideas. Theses reasoning            approaches are considered as the principle instruments in speculative activities of the thinkers. To this end to achieve the procedure of thinking and the way philosophers achieve objectives, it is necessary to recognize their reasoni...

The division of inheritance in Islamic teachings is regulated very clearly and detail. Each heir has rights shares them with his parents or relatives who have died. This section the Qur'an Sunnah clear explanations mention numbers. However, an may lose certain cases. One way to kill heir. article will describe analyze murder as a barrier terms four schools thought. type research literature stud...

This study analyzed Ismail Raji al-Faruqi’s (1921-1986) fundamental ideas of education from the perspective IOK and tawhidic framework his critical contribution in articulating modern Islamic worldview expounding its progressive inclusive outlook. It set forth to discusses Islamization knowledge as envisaged propounded major works that highlight doctrine tawhid overarching principle such Knowle...

We have proposed a novel application of Markov decision processes (MDPs), a reinforcement learning technique, to automatically generate hints using historical student data. Using this technique, we have modified a an existing, non-adaptive logic proof tutor called Deep Thought with a Hint Factory that provides hints on the next step a student might take. This paper presents the results of our p...

This work explores the effects of using automatically generated hints in Deep Thought, a propositional logic tutor. Generating hints automatically removes a large amount of development time for new tutors, and it also useful for already existing computer-aided instruction systems that lack intelligent feedback. We focus on a series of problems, after which, the control group is known to be 3.5 ...

The interactions of concepts and problem-solving techniques needed to solve open-ended proof problems are varied, making it difficult to select problems that improve individual student performance. We have developed a system of datadriven ordered problem selection for Deep Thought, a logic proof tutor. The problem selection system presents problem sets of expert-determined higher or lower diffi...

Editor’s note: This editorial is part of a series written by editors and co-authored with a senior executive, thought leader, or scholar from a different field to explore new content areas and grand challenges with the goal of expanding the scope, interestingness, and relevance of the work presented in the Academy of Management Journal. The principle is to use the editorial notes as “stage sett...