When the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract is transected in the hypothalamus, very limited neurosecretory axon regeneration occurs. However, the proximal stumps of the severed axons regenerate more abundantly when they are exposed to a suitable micro-environment provided by transplanted tissue. Regeneration is most profuse into transplants of freshly collected neural lobe /1/, less vigorous in...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neuroinflammatory disorders that causes disability in the young adults. In this disease immune-driven demyelination and following that inefficient remyelination occurs. Therapies for this disease are limited, especially those to enhance myelin repair. Cellular reprogramming using defined genetic factors is a way to produce remyelinating Oligoden...

After injury, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is capable of full regeneration and recovery of function. Many molecular events that are the hallmarks of the regenerating PNS are recapitulations of developmental processes. The expression of one such molecule, the POU transcription factor suppressed cAMP-inducible POU protein (SCIP), is required for the establishment of normal nerves and is re...

Acute or chronic injury to the adult brain often results in substantial loss of neural tissue and subsequent permanent functional impairment. Over the last two decades, a number of approaches have been developed to harness the regenerative potential of neural stem cells and the existing fate plasticity of neural cells in the nervous system to prevent tissue loss or to enhance structural and fun...

Objective(s): Cell therapy has provided clinical applications to the treatment of motor neuron diseases. The current obstacle in stem cell therapy is to direct differentiation of stem cells into neurons in the neurodegenerative disorders. Biomaterial scaffolds can improve cell differentiation and are widely used in translational medicine and tissue engineering. The aim...

One of the major challenges of microsurgery is nerve regeneration across lesions. In this respect it is very important to assess whether a peripheral nerve is reconstructed and how much of its initial function has been restored. Several methods are available for this purpose: function tests, histological techniques, neurophysiologic tests. The present paper addresses magnetoneurography (MNG), a...

The apolipoprotein E gene ε4 allele is considered a negative factor for neural regeneration in late-onset Alzheimer's disease cases. The aim of this study was to establish a non-invasive, rapid method to genotype apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms. Genomic DNA from mouth swab specimens was extracted using magnetic nanoparticles, and genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using TaqMan-BHQ pr...

The pig is the large animal model of choice for study of nerve regeneration and wound repair. Availability of porcine sensory neural cells would conceptually allow for analogous cell-based peripheral nerve regeneration in porcine injuries of similar severity and size to those found in humans. After recently reporting that porcine (or pig) induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) differentiate in...

Focal stroke is a disabling disease with lifelong sensory, motor and cognitive impairments. Given the paucity of effective clinical treatments, basic scientists are developing novel options for protection of the affected brain and regeneration of lost tissue. Tissue bioengineering and stem/progenitor cell treatments have both been individually pursued for stroke neural repair therapies, with so...

Corneal Regeneration In article 2300192 by Lixin Xie, Qingjun Zhou, and co-workers, a photoreactive adhesive hydrogel that mimics the extracellular matrix (mainly composed of gelatin hyaluronic acid) is designed to treat large-diameter (≥6 mm) corneal defects, which effectively promotes epithelial, stromal, neural regeneration while preventing scar formation. It also holds great improvement exp...