We study the distributional consequences of housing price, bond price and equity price increases for Euro Area households using data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). The capital gains from bond price and equity price increases turn out to be concentrated among relatively few households, while the median household strongly benefits from housing price increases. The capit...

BACKGROUND Coverage of maternal and newborn health (MNH) interventions is often influenced by important determinants and decision makers are often concerned with equity issues. The net-benefit framework developed and applied alongside clinical trials and in pharmacoeconomics offers the potential for exploring how cost-effectiveness of MNH interventions varies at the margin by important covariat...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the level of risk of death from coronary heart disease above which cholesterol lowering treatment produces net benefits. DESIGN Meta-analysis of results of randomised controlled trials of cholesterol lowering treatments. METHODS Published and unpublished data from all identified randomised controlled trials of cholesterol lowering treatments with six months or more ...

International commerce in live organisms presents a policy challenge for trade globalization; sales of live organisms create wealth, but some nonindigenous species cause harm. To reduce damage, some countries have implemented species screening to limit the introduction of damaging species. Adoption of new risk assessment (RA) technologies has been slowed, however, by concerns that RA accuracy r...

CONTEXT A recently updated Community Guide systematic review of the effectiveness of school sealant programs (SSPs) still found strong evidence that SSPs reduced dental caries among schoolchildren. This follow-up systematic review updates SSP cost and benefit information from the original 2002 review. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Using Community Guide economic review methods, the authors searched the...

This paper introduces the maximum benefit Chinese postman problem (MBCPP) and the maximum benefit traveling salesman problem (MBTSP). For the MBCPP a benefit is realized each time a link of a directed graph is traversed. The MBCPP relaxes the constraint of the Chinese postman problem that each link be traversed at least once and finds a tour of maximum total net benefit. For the MBTSP a benefit...

This paper presents a new method to analyze system behavior. A software system is modeled by a Petri net, and then the Petri net is sliced into several parts based on T-invariant. It has been shown that the behavior of the slices is equivalent to the behavior of the original Petri net. Thus we can analyze the system behaviors by checking each slice. With this method, state space explosion probl...

BACKGROUND Clinical practice guidelines that help clinicians and patients to understand the magnitude of expected individual risks and benefits would help with patient-centered decision-making and prioritization of care. We assessed the net benefit from taking daily aspirin to estimate the individual and public health implications of a more individualized decision-making approach. METHODS AND...