We study the following problem: If ξ1, ξ2, . . . are fuzzy numbers with modal values M1, M2, . . . , then what is the strongest t-norm for which lim n→∞ Nes ( mn − ≤ ξ1 + · · · + ξn n ≤ mn + ) = 1, for any > 0, where mn = M1 + · · · + Mn n , the arithmetic mean ξ1 + · · · + ξn n is defined via sup-t-norm convolution and Nes denotes necessity.

Activation of muscle-specific genes by the MEF2 transcription factor is inhibited by class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) 4 and 5, which contain carboxy-terminal deacetylase domains and amino-terminal extensions required for association with MEF2. The inhibitory action of HDACs is overcome by myogenic signals which disrupt MEF2-HDAC interactions and stimulate nuclear export of these transcript...

Enzymes of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) family add fatty acyl chains to a diverse range of protein and lipid substrates. A chromosomal translocation disrupting human MBOAT1 results in a novel syndrome characterized by male sterility and brachydactyly. We have found that the Drosophila homologues of MBOAT1, Oysgedart (Oys), Nessy (Nes), and Farjavit (Frj), are lysophospholipid ac...

In the injured central nervous system (CNS), reactive astrocytes form a glial scar and are considered to be detrimental for axonal regeneration, but their function remains elusive. Here we show that reactive astrocytes have a crucial role in wound healing and functional recovery by using mice with a selective deletion of the protein signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) or ...

Upon endocytosis, most oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) accumulate in vesicular compartments; a tiny number of them cross the vesicle membrane, reach the cytosol and by passive diffusion enter the nucleus where they are entrapped. So far, the compartment in which an antisense ODN interacts with its mRNA target has not been precisely characterized. In an attempt to answer this question, ODN-peptides...

The diagnostic criteria for the Night Eating Syndrome (NES) published in 2010 require the presence of two core criteria: evening hyperphagia and/or nocturnal awakenings for ingestion of food and three of five diagnostic descriptors. One of the descriptors is as follows: "The belief that one must eat in order to fall asleep". In this study we evaluated whether this conviction is significantly mo...

Cellular FLIP (cFLIP) inhibits the apoptosis signaling initiated by death receptor ligation. We previously reported that a long form of cFLIP (cFLIP-L) enhances Wnt signaling via inhibition of beta-catenin ubiquitylation. In this report, we present evidence that cFLIP-L translocates into the nucleus, which could have a role in modulation of Wnt signaling. cFLIP-L has a functional bipartite nucl...

Beans are often grown in regions with climates that susceptible to drought during the cultivation period. Consequently, it is important identify bean accessions tolerant conditions and assess effect of on seeds’ nutraceutical properties. This study evaluated different development stages (NES = never stressed; ALS always SBF stressed before flowering; SAF after flowering) yield properties six lo...

We have developed a large scale enrichment procedure to prepare yeast nuclear envelopes (NEs). These NEs can be stripped of peripheral proteins to produce a heparin-extracted NE (H-NE) fraction highly enriched in integral membrane proteins. Extraction of H-NEs with detergents revealed previously uncharacterized ring structures associated with the NE that apparently stabilize the grommets of the...

BACKGROUND To determine whether withdrawal of anticonvulsant drugs (AED) can be carried out safely in patients with non-epileptic seizures (NES). METHODS Prospective evaluation of safety and outcome in 78 patients with NES who satisfied a standardised set of criteria for excluding the diagnosis of coexisting or underlying epilepsy. FINDINGS The patients were taking from one to three AED. Si...